Esthetic Management of Gingival Melanin Hyperpigmentation by 810 nm Diode Laser

Abstract

Gingival hyperpigmentation and excessive gingival display are the main esthetic concerns of a large number of patients visiting a dentist. The color of gingiva is determined by the vascular supply, the thickness of epithelium, its degree of keratinization and the presence of melanin granules which are produced in melanosomes of melanocytes. Melanocytes are located in basal and supra basal layers of the epithelium and are responsible for the melanin pigmentation of the gingiva. Gingival hyperpigmentation can occur irrespective of age or sex and can vary from linear/ diffuse/ triangular patches of light brown to dark brown or bluish black color. Melanin pigmentation is a physiological pigmentation and no treatment is required for same but in the present cosmetic and esthetic era, a number of patients are conscious of the dark patches of pigmentation and request for its treatment. Among a plethora of available treatment modalities for this condition, laser has shown to be the most promising solution. This case report highlights the effectiveness of 810 nm diode laser in treating gingival hyperpigmentation.