Estimability Tools for Package Developers

Lenth, Russell V.

doi:10.32614/rj-2015-016

Cited by 401 publications

(464 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…1 were 10 Hz butterworth low-pass filtered for visual presentation. Statistical analyses were performed in R [48] using the ez [49], lsmeans [50], lmPerm [51], and signal packages [52]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian course of the P300 ERP in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - implications for brain-computer interfaces (BCI)

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAccidents or neurodegenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can lead to progressing, extensive, and complete paralysis leaving patients aware but unable to communicate (locked-in state). Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) based on electroencephalography represent an important approach to establish communication with these patients. The most common BCI for communication rely on the P300, a positive deflection arising in response to rare events. To foster broader application of BCIs for restoring lost function, also for end-users with impaired vision, we explored whether there were specific time windows during the day in which a P300 driven BCI should be preferably applied.MethodsThe present study investigated the influence of time of the day and modality (visual vs. auditory) on P300 amplitude and latency. A sample of 14 patients (end-users) with ALS and 14 healthy age matched volunteers participated in the study and P300 event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded at four different times (10, 12 am, 2, & 4 pm) during the day.ResultsResults indicated no differences in P300 amplitudes or latencies between groups (ALS patients v. healthy participants) or time of measurement. In the auditory condition, latencies were shorter and amplitudes smaller as compared to the visual condition.ConclusionOur findings suggest applicability of EEG/BCI sessions in patients with ALS throughout normal waking hours. Future studies using actual BCI systems are needed to generalize these findings with regard to BCI effectiveness/efficiency and other times of day.

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“…1 were 10 Hz butterworth low-pass filtered for visual presentation. Statistical analyses were performed in R [48] using the ez [49], lsmeans [50], lmPerm [51], and signal packages [52]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian course of the P300 ERP in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - implications for brain-computer interfaces (BCI)

et al. 2017

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“…Sample size was obtained by testing for one proportion using the software Java Applets for Power and Sample Size (Lenth, 2006-9). We assumed the frequency of PHA-L positive axon terminals labelled for presynaptic mGlu receptors to be 20% and a presumed lack of or occasional presence of receptors in these terminals to be 1%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural substrates for the distinct effects of presynaptic group III metabotropic glutamate receptors on extinction of contextual fear conditioning in mice

et al. 2013

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The group III metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors mGlu7 and mGlu8 are receiving increased attention as potential novel therapeutic targets for anxiety disorders. The effects mediated by these receptors appear to result from a complex interplay of facilitatory and inhibitory actions at different brain sites in the anxiety/fear circuits. To better understand the effect of mGlu7 and mGlu8 receptors on extinction of contextual fear and their critical sites of action in the fear networks, we focused on the amygdala. Direct injection into the basolateral complex of the amygdala of the mGlu7 receptor agonist AMN082 facilitated extinction, whereas the mGlu8 receptor agonist (S)-3,4-DCPG sustained freezing during the extinction acquisition trial. We also determined at the ultrastructural level the synaptic distribution of these receptors in the basal nucleus (BA) and intercalated cell clusters (ITCs) of the amygdala. Both areas are thought to exert key roles in fear extinction. We demonstrate that mGlu7 and mGlu8 receptors are located in different presynaptic terminals forming both asymmetric and symmetric synapses, and that they preferentially target neurons expressing mGlu1α receptors mostly located around ITCs. In addition we show that mGlu7 and mGlu8 receptors were segregated to different inputs to a significant extent. In particular, mGlu7a receptors were primarily onto glutamatergic afferents arising from the BA or midline thalamic nuclei, but not the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), as revealed by combined anterograde tracing and pre-embedding electron microscopy. On the other hand, mGlu8a showed a more restricted distribution in the BA and appeared absent from thalamic, mPFC and intrinsic inputs. This segregation of mGlu7 and mGlu8 receptors in different neuronal pathways of the fear circuit might explain the distinct effects on fear extinction training observed with mGlu7 and mGlu8 receptor agonists.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors’.

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“…All statistical analyses were run in R version 3.2.1 using lm function, with post hoc analysis carried out using the lsmeans package29.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually-trimorphic interactions with colour polymorphism determine nectar quality in a herbaceous perennial

Varga

Soulsbury

2017

Sci Rep

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Amongst gynodioecious plant breeding systems, there can exist intermediate morphs with a reduction in their male function (i.e. reduced number of functional anthers). Along with this sexual trimorphism, plants can also show floral colour polymorphism. Such intricate mixtures of phenotypes within a species may have complex effects on floral rewards. Floral rewards are known to vary between sexually dimorphic species and to a lesser extent between colour morphs. However, the interactive effect of sexual trimorphism and colour polymorphism is unexplored. We measured nectar’s sugar content in the sexually trimorphic Geranium sylvaticum, a gynodioecious plant with a light/dark floral polymorphism. We found that nectar reward differed across genders and colour morphs. Results were not however consistent within the three genders; dark female and hermaphrodite flowers had higher sugar content than light morphs, whereas intermediate flowers did not. As expected, females and hermaphrodites had different nectar reward, with intermediate morphs being midway between the other genders. In intermediates, the sugar content was not related to the number of functional stamens. We show for the first time the existence of sex-specific differences between flower gender and colour morphs in nectar rewards. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering multiple and conflicting selection pressures to explain rewards.

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Estimability Tools for Package Developers

Cited by 401 publications

References 2 publications

Circadian course of the P300 ERP in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - implications for brain-computer interfaces (BCI)

Circadian course of the P300 ERP in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - implications for brain-computer interfaces (BCI)

Neural substrates for the distinct effects of presynaptic group III metabotropic glutamate receptors on extinction of contextual fear conditioning in mice

Sexually-trimorphic interactions with colour polymorphism determine nectar quality in a herbaceous perennial

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