Estimate of motor conduction in human spinal cord: Slowed conduction in spinal cord injury

Chang, Chen‐Yi; Lien, I-Nan

doi:10.1002/mus.880141010

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In the majority of incomplete SCI patients, MEPs can be recorded in TA, but the latency of the response is prolonged (slower spinal conduction velocity) and MEP amplitude is reduced (Chang and Lien, 1991). Curt et al (1998) demonstrated that all patients who displayed normal MEP in TA, that is, with a latency and amplitude similar to control, within the first 6 months posttrauma recovered full ambulatory capacity.…”

Section: Level Of Cst Excitability Early After Stroke or Sci Is A Prementioning

confidence: 97%

Involvement of the corticospinal tract in the control of human gait

Barthélemy

Grey

Nielsen

et al. 2011

Progress in Brain Research

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Section: Level Of Cst Excitability Early After Stroke or Sci Is A Prementioning

confidence: 97%

Involvement of the corticospinal tract in the control of human gait

Barthélemy

Grey

Nielsen

et al. 2011

Progress in Brain Research

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“…It has been used to map the cortical representation of muscles [9][10][11] and create recruitment curves of MEPs for increasing stimulation strength or increasing facilitation degree from voluntary contraction in subjects with SCI [12]. Other attributes of cortical control over muscles in subjects with SCI that can be revealed by TMS are central conduction time in the corticospinal tract [13] and the inhibitory circuitry that determines cortical output [14][15][16]. A fuller review of the application of TMS to the understanding of lesioned pathways and plasticity (reorganization) of central nervous system circuits in subjects with SCI has been published recently [17].…”

Section: Assessment Of Corticospinal Function With Tmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of physiological motor outcome measures in spinal cord injury using transcranial magnetic stimulation and spinal reflexes

Ellaway

Catley²,

Davey³

et al. 2007

JRRD

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Abstract-This article reviews methods that have been developed as part of a clinical initiative on improving outcome measures for motor function assessment in subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI). Physiological motor outcome measures originally developed for limbs-transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex to elicit motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and mechanical stimulation to elicit spinal reflexes-have been extended to muscles of the trunk. The impetus for this development is the lack of a motor component in the American Spinal Injury Association clinical assessment for the thoracic myotomes. The application of TMS to the assessment of limb muscles is reviewed, followed by consideration of its application to the assessment of paravertebral and intercostal muscles. Spinal reflex testing of paravertebral muscles is also described. The principal markers for the thoracic SCI motor level that have emerged from this clinical initiative are (1) the threshold of MEPs in paravertebral muscles in response to TMS of the motor cortex, (2) the facilitation pattern and latency of MEPs in intercostal muscles during voluntary expiratory effort, and (3) the absence of long-latency reflex responses and the exaggeration of short-latency reflex responses in paravertebral muscles.

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“…In a prospective study 41 most of the paraplegic (90%) and tetraplegic (about 70%) patients with acute SCI and loss of pudendal SSEP showed a complete loss of voluntary EUS function 6 months after trauma (Table 3). 35 No patient of the latter groups achieved a normal EUS function. The pudendal SSEP recordings proved to be of similar value as the ASIA scores at predicting outcome of bladder function.…”

Section: Ambulatory Capacitymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The latter patients had a signi®cant slowing of spinal conduction velocity (a means of 32 m/s compared to a normal value of about 60 m/s) and the MEP amplitudes were reduced. 35 In most of the patients (70%) with acute SCI who subsequently recovered an ambulatory capacity post-trauma a MEP from the anterior tibial muscle was recorded. Most patients (about 80%) who achieved a full ambulatory capacity had normal MEP latencies of the anterior tibial and quadriceps femoris muscles.…”

Section: Ambulatory Capacitymentioning

confidence: 96%

Electrophysiological recordings in patients with spinal cord injury: significance for predicting outcome

1999

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The clinical assessment of the level, extent and severity of spinal cord injury (SCI) can be supplemented by electrophysiological recordings. These techniques also provide an early diagnosis of neurological de®cits in patients with acute SCI and are of prognostic value even in uncooperative patients. Electrophysiological recordings (motor evoked potentials (MEP) and somato-sensory evoked potentials (SSEP)) are of similar signi®cance in predicting functional outcome of ambulatory capacity, hand-and bladder function as the clinical examination according to the ASIA standards. EMG, neurographic and re¯ex recordings of acute SCI patients within spinal shock are even more sensitive in assessing an associated damage of the peripheral motor pathways (ie of motoneurones and nerve roots) than the clinical examination and allow the possibility of predicting the development of muscle tone or muscle atrophy. The evaluation of impairment of the autonomic nervous system after SCI by clinical examination is restricted. In contrast, recordings of the sympathetic skin response (SSR) can provide information about the extent and level of lesions of the spinal sympathetic nervous system which are related to autonomic dysfunction. Therefore, electrophysiological recordings supplementary to the clinical examination are helpful for planning and selecting the appropriate therapeutical approaches within the rehabilitation programme. Furthermore, they allow the prediction of functional outcome and the objective assessment of recovery of speci®c parts of the spinal and peripheral ®bre tracts.

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Estimate of motor conduction in human spinal cord: Slowed conduction in spinal cord injury

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

Involvement of the corticospinal tract in the control of human gait

Involvement of the corticospinal tract in the control of human gait

Review of physiological motor outcome measures in spinal cord injury using transcranial magnetic stimulation and spinal reflexes

Electrophysiological recordings in patients with spinal cord injury: significance for predicting outcome

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