Estimate of organic matter turnover rate in a savanna soil by 13C natural abundance measurements

Martin, A.; Mariotti, André; Balesdent, Jérôme; Lavelle, Patrick; Vuattoux, Roger

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(90)90188-6

Cited by 226 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…δ 13 C values showed a consistent increase (7.0 ‰) with depth in the forest soil profile (Table 2). This has been noted previously (Vitorello et al, 1989;Martin et al, 1990;Desjardins et al, 1994) and may be related to the isotopic fractionation occurring during humification (Balesdent et al, 1987;Martin et al, 1990).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Changes in soil organic matter under different land management in misiones province (Argentina)

Píccolo

Andriulo

Mary³

2008

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Highly weathered tropical soils rapidly loose soil organic matter (SOM) and may be affected by water erosion and soil compaction after deforestation and intensive cultivation. With the main objective to estimate the SOM balances in a subtropical soil we determined the dynamics of SOM in a degraded yerba mate (Ilex paraguaiensis Saint Hil.) plantation introduced after deforestation and with elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum L.) as a cover crop. The study site was in Misiones, Argentina, and we use the natural 13 C abundance methodology and a descriptive model. The study was conducted on three contiguous 50 × 100 m plots of a typic Kandihumult soil with: (i) native forest, (ii) 50 years of continuous yerba mate monoculture with intensive tillage, and (iii) yerba mate associated with elephant grass as a cover crop and no tillage. We determined bulk density, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and 13 C content of the soil (0 -0.05, 0.05 -0.15 m layers) and the grass biomass. Yerba mate monoculture reduced soil C and N content as well as porosity at 0 -0.15 m depth by 43 and 23%, respectively, as compared to the native forest. After ten years of yerba mate -elephant grass association soil C and N contents at the same depth increased by 19 and 12%, respectively, compared to the yerba mate monoculture, while soil porosity remained similar. Total C input, 13 C, and soil organic C were incorporated into a three compartment model to evaluate elephant grass C dynamics. Through the natural 13 C abundance methodology we tracked the elephant grass C incorporation and the "old" soil C loss, and determined the model parameters -humification (k 1 ) and mineralization (k) coefficients and stable C (C s )-unambiguously. The high k 1 and k predicted by the model are probably explained by elephant grass root system incorporation under no tillage and humid subtropical climate, respectively. In soil under yerba mate monoculture, C s was counted as 91% of the total soil organic C. Key words: Ilex paraguaiensis, Pennisetum purpureum, natural 13 C abundance, soil carbon, modelling MUDANÇAS NA MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA EDAFICA SOB DIFERENTES MANEJOS DE SOLO NA PROVÍNCIA DE MISIONES (ARGENTINA)RESUMO: Os solos altamente intemperizados dos trópicos perdem rapidamente matéria orgânica do solo (SOM) e podem ser afetados pela erosão hídrica e compactação depois de seu deflorestamento e agricultura contínua. O objetivo foi determinar a dinâmica da matéria orgânica do solo com capimelefante (Pennisetum purpureum L.) em um Kandihumult da província de Misiones (Argentina) após desmatamento e cultivo contínuo de erva-mate (Ilex paraguaiensis Saint Hil.), utilizando a metodologia da abundância natural em carbono 13 ( 13 C) e um modelo descritivo. O estudo foi conduzido em três parcelas contíguas de 50 × 100 m. As situações comparadas foram: (a) floresta nativa, e (b) local com 50 anos de monocultivo intensivo de erva-mate, e (c) erva-mate associada com capim-elefante como cultivo de cobertura sob plantio direto. Determinaram-se os conteúdos de carbono (C),...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Changes in soil organic matter under different land management in misiones province (Argentina)

Píccolo

Andriulo

Mary³

2008

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…In such cases the most likely cause for this large J3C enrichment with depth is the existence of prior C4 vegetation (Dzurec et al 1985;Mondenesi et al 1986;Schwartz et al 1987;Volkoff and Cerri 1987;Martin et al 1990;Desjardins et al 1991;McPherson et al 1993;Wang et al 1993;Mariotti and Peterschmitt 1994;Victoria et al 1995). Both profiles of Salitre, NhecoJandia, and Tunas had intermediate 613C values varying approximately from 4 .0 to 6.0%0 (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In addition, seven other profiles collected in several areas of the Amazon region down to 4 m depth show no significant variation in carbon stable isotopic composition (Sanaiotti, unpublished work). As modern savannah soils clearly show the presence of C4 grasses in their SOM (Dzurec et al 1985;Mondenesi et al 1982;Schwartz et al 1987;Volkoff and Cerri 1987;Martin et al 1990;Desjardins et al 1991;McPherson et al 1993;Wang et al 1993;Mariotti and Peterschmitt 1994), the apparent absence of C4 signal in majority of the profiles is intriguing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Carbon-13 variation with depth in soils of Brazil and climate change during the Quaternary

et al. 1996

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Paleoecological and geomorphological studies indicate that, during the middle Holocene, there was a predominance of drier conditions with grassy savannahs replacing forests across the South American continent. Modern savannahs are composed mainly of C4 plants and soils developed under this type of vegetation show enrichment in 13C compared to soils under C3 vegetation cover. If soils contain stabilized organic mauer formed in the middle Holocene, we hypothesize that former C4 vegetation would be evidenced by a large enrichment of nc in soil organic matter (SOM). We investigate this possibility examining the depth variation of carbon isotopic composition in 21 soil profiles collected by different researchers at 14 different sites in Brazi I. Of these, profiles from only three sites showed a marked increase of nc with depth (9-10%0 enrichment in one difference between the surface soil and deepest depth); two sites showed intermediate enrichment (4-5%0), and nine sites showed a small enrichment of approximatelly 2.5%0. The majority of sites showing all-C3 derived SOM were in the Amazon region. Possible causes for the absence of a large I 3C enrichment with depth are: ( I) dominance of C3 rather than C4 grasses in mid-Holocene savannahas, (2) soil profiles did not preserve organic matter derived from mid-Holocene plants, (3) the retreat of forest areas did not occur on a regional scale, but was a much more localized phenomenon.

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“…Biochemical [39,62,83,182,193,196,212,226,234,247,253,254,255] for tropical soils and [9,20,21,22,72,74,123,124,143,152,218,234] for temperate soils.…”

Section: Soil Organic Matter Turnover Stabilization and Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil organic matter, biota and aggregation in temperate and tropical soils - Effects of no-tillage

Feller²,

et al. 2002

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-The long-term stabilization of soil organic matter (SOM) in tropical and temperate regions is mediated by soil biota (e.g. fungi, bacteria, roots and earthworms), soil structure (e.g. aggregation) and their interactions. On average, soil C turnover was twice as fast in tropical compared with temperate regions, but no major differences were observed in SOM quality between the two regions. Probably due to the soil mineralogy dominated by 1:1 clay minerals and oxides in tropical regions, we found a higher aggregate stability, but a lower correlation between C contents and aggregate stability in tropical soils. In addition, a smaller amount of C associated with clay and silt particles was observed in tropical versus temperate soils. In both tropical and temperate soils, a general increase in C levels (≈ 325 ± 113 kg C·ha -1 ·yr -1 ) was observed under no-tillage compared with conventional tillage. On average, in temperate soils under no-tillage, compared with conventional tillage, CH 4 uptake (≈ 0.42 ± 0.10 kg C-CH 4 ·ha -1 ·yr -1 ) increased and N 2 O emissions increased (≈ 1.95 ± 0.45 kg N-N 2 O·ha -1 ·yr -1 ). These increased N 2 O emissions lead to a negative global warming potential when expressed on a CO 2 equivalent basis. La stabilisation à long terme de la matière organique du sol (MOS) dans les régions tempérées et intertropicales est sous la dépendance de l'activité biologique (champignons, bactéries, macrofaune et racines), de la structure du sol (agrégation) et de leurs interactions. En moyenne, si le turnover du carbone du sol (C) est environ deux fois plus rapide en régions intertropicales qu'en régions tempérées, peu de différences apparaissent toutefois quant à la qualité de la MOS sous ces climats différents. La stabilité de l'agrégation est plus élevée pour les sols des régions intertropicales, ceci étant probablement dû à leur minéralogie dominée par des argiles de type 1:1 associés à des oxihydroxides métalliques. Toutefois, pour les sols tropicaux, la corrélation entre teneur en C et stabilité de l'agrégation est plus faible et de moindres quantités de C sont associées avec les éléments fins (argile+limon). Aussi bien sous climats tempéré que tropical et subtropical, une augmentation générale des stocks de C du sol (≈ 325 ± 113 kg C·ha -1 ·an -1 ) est observée avec les pratiques de non labour. Pour les sols des régions tempérées, si une fixation de CH 4 (≈ 0.42 ± 0.10 kg C-CH 4 ·ha -1 ·an -1 ) est mesurée sous non-labour, parallèlement une émission de N 2 O est observée (≈ 1.95 ± 0.45 kg N-N 2 O·ha -1 ·an -1 ), conduisant finalement à un bilan négatif en terme de réchauffement global exprimé en équivalents de flux de C-CO 2 .carbone du sol / agrégation / émissions N 2 O / non-labour / régions tempérées et intertropicales INTRODUCTIONThe conservation of sufficient soil organic matter (SOM) levels is crucial for the biological, chemical and physical soil functioning in both temperate and tropical ecosystems. Appropriate levels of SOM ensure soil fertility and minimize agricultural impac...

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Estimate of organic matter turnover rate in a savanna soil by 13C natural abundance measurements

Cited by 226 publications

References 15 publications

Changes in soil organic matter under different land management in misiones province (Argentina)

Changes in soil organic matter under different land management in misiones province (Argentina)

Carbon-13 variation with depth in soils of Brazil and climate change during the Quaternary

Soil organic matter, biota and aggregation in temperate and tropical soils - Effects of no-tillage

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