Estimated Burden of Community-Onset Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Hospitalizations Among Children Aged &amp;lt;2 Years in the United States, 2014–15

Arriola, Carmen Sofia; Kim, Lindsay; Langley, Gayle; Anderson, Evan J.; Openo, Kyle P.; Martin, Andrew; Lynfield, Ruth; Bye, Erica; Como-Sabetti, Kathy; Reingold, Arthur; Chai, Shua J.; Daily, Pam; Thomas, Ann; Crawford, Courtney; Reed, Carrie; Garg, Shikha; Chaves, Sandra S.

doi:10.1093/jpids/piz087

Cited by 86 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Our study found that children in the 0–28 days old and 29 days-6 months old age groups had a higher rate of stay in the ICU, use of mechanical ventilation, and absorption of oxygen than hospitalized children in the other age groups. Arriola et al 17 conducted a study in 1554 children under the age of 2 years who were hospitalized in the community with RSV infection. They found that 27% of children were admitted to an ICU, and 6% of these children needed mechanical ventilation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of RSV Infection in Hospitalized Children: A Retrospective Study

Gong¹,

Wu²,

Lu³

et al. 2021

RMHP

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Objective To investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of hospitalized children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, and to provide evidence for the importance of preventive strategies and improvements in supportive care of RSV infection. Methods This retrospective study included children under 14 years who received throat swab test and were diagnosed with RSV infection from January 2019 to December 2020. Throat swabs and intravenous blood were the main sources of samples, which were obtained within 24 hours of hospitalization. Direct immunofluorescence assay was used to diagnose RSV infection. Results Among the 448 hospitalized children with RSV infection, males (71.9%) showed the highest proportion, the highest incidence was found in children<6 months old (45.3%), and 76.6% of them had pneumonia. Pharyngeal redness, cough, expectoration, and mental fatigue were the most common symptoms in hospitalized children of all ages. More than 60% of hospitalized children had increased lymphocyte count, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase-MB form, lactate dehydrogenase, and α-HBDH levels. The rates of myocardial damage, respiratory failure, stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), use of mechanical ventilation, and absorption of oxygen were higher in children<6 months old. Except for children who were 37–60 months old, the percentage of length of hospital stay≥7 days in the other age groups was greater than 62.0%. Except for children who were 0–28 days old and>61 months old, the other age groups showed a re-hospitalization situation due to re-infection with RSV. In hospitalized children diagnosed with RSV infection from throat swabs, we also performed the RSV IgM test and found that 59.2% of them were positive, 8.0% of them were weakly positive, and 32.8% of them were negative. Conclusion This study analyzes the incidence and clinical characteristics of hospitalized children with RSV infection, which provides evidence for the importance of preventive strategies and improvements in supportive care of RSV infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of RSV Infection in Hospitalized Children: A Retrospective Study

Gong¹,

Wu²,

Lu³

et al. 2021

RMHP

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“…The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the Influenza virus (FLU) account for the majority of RTI in infants leading to hospitalization [11,12]. With the advent of novel point-of-care tests based on nucleic acid amplification, diagnostic accuracy and turnaround time of results have dramatically increased over the past years, both for RSV and FLU [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic utilization in hospitalized children under 2 years of age with influenza or respiratory syncytial virus infection – a comparative, retrospective analysis

et al. 2020

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Background Infections due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Influenza virus (FLU) are leading causes of hospitalization in young children. Yet, there is little data on factors associated with antibiotic use in these patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective, single-center study of all patients below 2 years of age hospitalized between 2014 and 2018. We compared children with RSV infection to children with FLU infection analyzing clinical characteristics and factors contributing to an increased rate of antimicrobial utilization. Results RSV infection was diagnosed in 476/573 (83.1%), FLU in 95/573 (16.6%), and RSV-FLU-co-infection in 2/573 (0.3%) patients. Median age was lower for RSV compared to FLU (4 vs. 12 months; p < 0.0001). Children with RSV had longer hospitalization (5 vs. 4 days; p = 0.0023) and needed oxygen more frequently (314/476 vs. 23/95; p < 0.0001) than FLU patients. There was no significant difference in the overall antibiotic utilization between RSV and FLU patients (136/476 vs. 21/95; p = 0.2107). Logistic regression analyses revealed that septic appearance on admission (odds ratio [OR] 8.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–54.1), acute otitis media (OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.1–9.4), a longer oxygen therapy (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.13–1.74) and a higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5–2.0) were significantly associated with antibiotic use in both groups, but not age or pneumonia. Conclusions In our cohort, the rate of antibiotic utilization was comparable between RSV and FLU patients, while for both groups distinct clinical presentation and a high CRP value were associated with higher antibiotic use.

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“…In the United States, RSV is responsible for a substantial number of hospital admission and outpatients visits in children aged 6 to 24 months, highlighting the importance of developing strategies for the prevention of RSV in these children. 5,49,50 On the basis of the experience of the formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine, within this age group those who are naive at the time of vaccination might be at risk of ERD with protein vaccines. This target population would likely benefit most from live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) or vectored vaccines.…”

Section: Infants Younger Than 4 To 6 Monthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The journey to a respiratory syncytial virus vaccine

Mejías

Rodríguez‐Fernández

Oliva

et al. 2020

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

103

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major global health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality in low-and middle-income countries.There are several vaccine candidates in the pipeline directed toward different target populations: infants younger than 6 months, children older than 6 months to 2-to 5-year-old children, and the elderly.To protect the young infant from severe RSV infection, a combined strategy using passive and active immunization with maternal vaccination and high-potency, extended half-life monoclonal antibodies may be needed.Vaccines will have the opportunity to decrease not only the burden of acute RSV disease but also the long-term respiratory morbidity associated with this infection.

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Estimated Burden of Community-Onset Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Hospitalizations Among Children Aged <2 Years in the United States, 2014–15

Cited by 86 publications

References 38 publications

Analysis of Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of RSV Infection in Hospitalized Children: A Retrospective Study

Analysis of Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of RSV Infection in Hospitalized Children: A Retrospective Study

Antibiotic utilization in hospitalized children under 2 years of age with influenza or respiratory syncytial virus infection – a comparative, retrospective analysis

The journey to a respiratory syncytial virus vaccine

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