Estimated HIV Risk Among Hispanics in a National Sample of Drug Users

Montoya, Isaac D.; Bell, David C.; Richard, Alan J.; Carlson, Jerry W.; Trevino, Roberto A.

doi:10.1097/00126334-199905010-00006

Cited by 44 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…22 There is evidence that the drug use rates of Puerto Ricans living in the U.S. mainland are among the highest of all Hispanic populations. 18,23,24 Moreover, Puerto Rico is one of the AIDS epicenters of the Americas with annual incidence rates consistently among the ten highest in the U.S. 25 and cumulative per capita rates among the highest in the Central America and Caribbean region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study of Mortality Among Puerto Rican Injection Drug Users in East Harlem, New York, and Bayamon, Puerto Rico

Colón¹,

Deren

Robles³

et al. 2006

J Urban Health

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 Not surprisingly, Puerto Rican drug users have consistently been found to have a greater overall HIV risk than drug users of other ethnic/racial backgrounds and other Hispanic/Latino groups. 22,29 Yet little is known about the mortality risks of Puerto Rican drug users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Mortality Among Puerto Rican Injection Drug Users in East Harlem, New York, and Bayamon, Puerto Rico

Colón¹,

Deren

Robles³

et al. 2006

J Urban Health

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“…Among Latino groups, Puerto Ricans have been reported to have high rates of HIV/AIDS and HIVrelated risk behaviors in press;Holmberg, 1996;Montoya et al, 1999;Quan et al, 2002). Puerto Rican drug users have also been found to have extensive incarceration histories (Robles et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Transmission Behaviors in Jail/Prison Among Puerto Rican Drug Injectors in New York and Puerto Rico

et al. 2005

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This study examined HIV risk behavior in jail/prison among Puerto Rican drug injectors in New York (NY, n = 300) and Puerto Rico (PR, n = 200), and its relationship with later drug and sex risk behaviors. During 3 years prior to interview, 66% of NY and 43% of PR samples were incarcerated at least once. While incarcerated, 5% of NY and 53% of PR injected drugs. Few reported engaging in sex inside jail/prison (5% in both sites). Of those who engaged in risk behaviors in jail/prison, almost all reported having unprotected sex and sharing injection equipment. The impact of jail/prison risk behaviors on risk behaviors after release differed between the two sites: they were more related to subsequent sex risk behaviors in NY, and subsequent injection risk behaviors in PR. The findings indicate a need for effective drug treatment programs inside jail/prisons to reduce HIV-related risk behaviors among drug injectors during incarceration and after release.

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“…30 In addition, injection drug use and risk behaviors have been reported to be more prevalent among Hispanics of Puerto Rican decent, particularly among those born in Puerto Rico, than among Hispanics with origins in Mexico and other countries. [31][32][33] Conversely, risk reduction practices have been found to be more frequently reported among Hispanic IDUs of US or Puerto Rican origin than among Hispanics of Mexican origin (particularly those residing in border areas) or other national origin. 31,34 Comparing trends in drug use and HIV among Hispanic subgroups in the USA is complicated by the dearth of health data with detailed information regarding national origin and by the large number and diversity of national origin subgroups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of the Population Prevalence of Injection Drug Users among Hispanic Residents of Large US Metropolitan Areas

et al. 2012

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Little information exists on the population prevalence or geographic distribution of injection drug users (IDUs) who are Hispanic in the USA. Here, we present yearly estimates of IDU population prevalence among Hispanic residents of the 96 most populated US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) for 1992-2002. First, yearly estimates of the proportion of IDUs who were Hispanic in each MSA were created by combining data on (1) IDUs receiving drug treatment services in Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)'s Treatment Entry Data System, (2) IDUs being tested in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) HIV-Counseling and Testing System, and (3) incident AIDS diagnoses among IDUs, supplemented by (4) data on IDUs who were living with AIDS. Then, the resulting proportions were multiplied by published yearly estimates of the number of IDUs of all racial/ethnic groups in each MSA to produce Hispanic IDU population estimates. These were divided by Hispanic population data to produce population prevalence rates. Time trends were tested using mixed-effects regression models. Hispanic IDU prevalence declined significantly on average (1992 mean=192, median=133; 2002 mean=144, median=93; units are per 10,000 Hispanics aged 15-64). The highest prevalence rates across time tended to be in smaller northeastern MSAs. Comparing the last three study years to the first three, prevalence decreased in 82% of MSAs and increased in 18%. Comparisons with data on drug-related mortality and hepatitis C mortality supported the validity of the estimates. Generally, estimates of Hispanic IDU population prevalence were higher than published estimates for non-Hispanic White residents and lower than published estimates for non-Hispanic Black residents. Hispanics infected with HIV are twice as likely as non-Hispanic Whites to be diagnosed late in the course of their infection.3 Hispanic IDUs may be less likely to utilize HIV prevention services, or services for drug users, than non-Hispanics due to greater concern about stigma regarding drug use, HIV/AIDS, or the association between HIV/AIDS and homosexuality. [4][5][6][7] Research on Hispanic IDUs is hampered by the lack of information on their number and geographic location over time. Such information could be used to better target HIV and hepatitis C prevention programs among Hispanic IDUs and to compare trends in injection drug use, HIV, and hepatitis C across racial/ethnic groups. Data on overall IDU prevalence and on IDU prevalence among nonHispanic White and non-Hispanic Black residents aged 15-64 of the 96 largest US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) have been published for the 1992-2002 period.8,9The current study fills a crucial gap by providing estimates of IDU population prevalence among Hispanic residents aged 15-64 in the same set of MSAs during the same time period. To extend the analysis to more recent years, we also examine change in the estimated proportion of IDUs who were Hispanic from 2002 to 2007. METHODSWe use the term ...

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Estimated HIV Risk Among Hispanics in a National Sample of Drug Users

Abstract: These findings suggest that Puerto Ricans who use drugs experience a higher risk of HIV infection than other Hispanic drug users. Research is needed to identify which economic, social, and cultural components account for this increased risk.

Cited by 44 publications

References 26 publications

A Comparative Study of Mortality Among Puerto Rican Injection Drug Users in East Harlem, New York, and Bayamon, Puerto Rico

A Comparative Study of Mortality Among Puerto Rican Injection Drug Users in East Harlem, New York, and Bayamon, Puerto Rico

HIV Transmission Behaviors in Jail/Prison Among Puerto Rican Drug Injectors in New York and Puerto Rico

Estimates of the Population Prevalence of Injection Drug Users among Hispanic Residents of Large US Metropolitan Areas

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