Estimated Seismic Intensity Distributions for Earthquakes in Taiwan from 1900 to 2008

Chen, Kuei-Pao; Tsai, Yi-Hsuan; Cheng, Chung-Chih; Liu, Kun-Sung; Chang, Wen‐Yen

doi:10.1785/0120090397

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Scientists of the U.S. Geological Survey & the Southern California Earth, ; Boatwright et al ., ). The Taiwan Chi‐Chi earthquake ( M 7·45) of 21 September 1999 produced high peak ground velocity values in excess of 3·00 m sec −1 , and values >1·0 m sec −1 in scattered localities over an area ca 90 km × 35 km (Chen et al ., ). The 22 February 2011 Christchurch, New Zealand earthquake ( M 6·3) reached the peak ground velocities ca 1 m sec −1 ca 2·5 km from the epicentre (Bradley & Cubrinovski, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of large magnitude Late Cambrian earthquakes from seismogenic soft‐sediment deformation structures: Central Rocky Mountains

Myrow

Chen

2014

Sedimentology

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A variety of unusual early post‐depositional deformation structures exist in grainstone and flat‐pebble conglomerate beds of Upper Cambrian strata, western Colorado, including slide scarps, thrusted beds, irregular blocks and internally deformed beds. Thrusted beds up to tens of centimetres thick record thrust movement of a part of a bed onto itself along a moderate to steeply inclined (15° to 40°) ramp, locally producing hanging wall lenses with fault‐bend geometries. Thrust plane orientations are widely distributed, and in some cases nearly oppositely oriented in close proximity, indicating that they did not form as failures acted upon by gravity forces. Irregular bedded to internally deformed blocks are isolated on generally flat upper bedding surfaces. These features represent parts of beds that detached, moved up onto and some distances across, the laterally adjacent undisturbed bed surfaces. Deformation of thin intervals of mud on the ocean floor by moving blocks rules out the possibility of storm‐induced deformation, because the mud was not eroded by high shear stresses that would accompany the extremely large forces required to produce and move the blocks. Finally, internally deformed beds are characterized by large blocks, fitted fabrics of highly irregular fragments and contorted lamination, which represent heterogeneous deformation, such as brecciation and liquefaction. The deformation structures were produced by earthquakes linked to the reactivation of Mesoproterozoic, crustal‐scale shear zones in the central Rockies during the Late Cambrian. Analysis of the deformation structures indicates very large body forces and calculated earthquake‐generated ground motion velocities of ca 1·6 m sec−1. These correspond to moment magnitudes of ca 7·0 or more and a Mercalli Intensity of X+. These are the only known magnitude estimates of Phanerozoic (other than Quaternary) large‐intensity earthquakes for the Rocky Mountain region, and they are as large as, or larger than, previous estimates of Proterozoic earthquakes along these major shear zones of the central Rockies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of large magnitude Late Cambrian earthquakes from seismogenic soft‐sediment deformation structures: Central Rocky Mountains

Myrow

Chen

2014

Sedimentology

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“…For this reason and because smaller magnitude earthquakes are unlikely to contribute much seismic hazard, M w = 5.0 is taken as the lower magnitude cutoff threshold in this study. There were with a total of 2023 M w C 5.0 crustal earthquakes over the study period (Chen et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Wyss and Stefansson (2006), future mainshocks can be expected along zones characterized by low b values. Hence, we use three logarithmic functional forms, analogous to the Gutenberg-Richter law for seismicity, to represent the annual frequency of seismic intensity parameters (Chen et al 2010): log 10 ðNÞ ¼ a a À b a log 10 ðPGAÞ ð 1Þ…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of building damage rates from future earthquakes in Taiwan in terms of MMI

Chen

Chang²

2015

Nat Hazards

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The main objective of this study was to estimate the damage rate of steel and masonry buildings for different regions of Taiwan from future earthquakes according to the empirical data of 1999 M w 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan. The results are presented in quadratic equation relating building damage rates with modified Mercalli intensity. It is found that two zones are subject to high building damage rates. One zone extends from Hsinchu southward to Taichung, Nantou, Chiayi, and Tainan in western Taiwan, and the other extends from Ilan southward to Hualian and Taitung in eastern Taiwan. These zones are also characterized by low b values and also coincide with high peak ground shaking parameters. We also present the damage rates as function of waiting time for steel and masonry buildings in ten main metropolitans of Taiwan. The results show relatively low expected damage rates in Hengchun, Tainan, and Kaohsiung. But relatively high damage rates are found for most other areas. These results should be of use to government regulators and practicing engineers to enforce appropriate building codes to effectively mitigate potential seismic hazards.

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“…Nicholson et al (2000) introduced spatial entropy to quantify the simplification of earthquake distributions due to relocation processes while Telesca et al (2004) applied the temporal definition of entropy to the Umbria-Marche 1997 seismic sequence. Other researchers (Main and Burton, 1984) In this study, Shannon entropy is applied to the historical catalog of Taiwan's earthquakes as described by Chen et al (2010). We combine Benioff strain with global positioning system (GPS) data to estimate the probability of future M w ≥ 6.0 earthquakes on a grid for Taiwan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where b max = e log 10 e ≈ 1.2 Finally, because Eq. ( 5) expresses the relation between b and M, we can express entropy as: 1935(Chen et al, 2010 for a complete catalog of M w ≥ 5.0 earthquakes. There are 1989 M w ≥ 5.0 crustal earthquakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining earthquakes and GPS data to estimate the probability of future earthquakes with magnitude <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> ≥ 6.0

Chen¹,

Tsai²,

Chang³

2013

Preprint

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Abstract. According to Wyss et al. (2000) result indicates that future main earthquakes can be expected along zones characterized by low b values. In this study we combine Benioff strain with global positioning system (GPS) data to estimate the probability of future Mw ≥ 6.0 earthquakes for a grid covering Taiwan. An approach similar to the maximum likelihood method was used to estimate Gutenberg–Richter parameters a and b. The two parameters were then used to estimate the probability of simulating future earthquakes of Mw ≥ 6.0 for each of the 391 grids (grid interval = 0.1°) covering Taiwan. The method shows a high probability of earthquakes in western Taiwan along a zone that extends from Taichung southward to Nantou, Chiayi, Tainan and Kaohsiung. In eastern Taiwan, there also exists a high probability zone from Ilan southward to Hualian and Taitung. These zones are characterized by high earthquake entropy, high maximum shear strain rates, and paths of low b values. A relation between entropy and maximum shear strain rate is also obtained. It indicates that the maximum shear strain rate is about 4.0 times the entropy. The results of this study should be of interest to city planners, especially those concerned with earthquake preparedness. And providing the earthquake insurers to draw up the basic premium.

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Estimated Seismic Intensity Distributions for Earthquakes in Taiwan from 1900 to 2008

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Estimates of large magnitude Late Cambrian earthquakes from seismogenic soft‐sediment deformation structures: Central Rocky Mountains

Estimates of large magnitude Late Cambrian earthquakes from seismogenic soft‐sediment deformation structures: Central Rocky Mountains

Estimation of building damage rates from future earthquakes in Taiwan in terms of MMI

Combining earthquakes and GPS data to estimate the probability of future earthquakes with magnitude <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> ≥ 6.0

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Estimated Seismic Intensity Distributions for Earthquakes in Taiwan from 1900 to 2008

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Estimates of large magnitude Late Cambrian earthquakes from seismogenic soft‐sediment deformation structures: Central Rocky Mountains

Estimates of large magnitude Late Cambrian earthquakes from seismogenic soft‐sediment deformation structures: Central Rocky Mountains

Estimation of building damage rates from future earthquakes in Taiwan in terms of MMI

Combining earthquakes and GPS data to estimate the probability of future earthquakes with magnitude &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; ≥ 6.0

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Combining earthquakes and GPS data to estimate the probability of future earthquakes with magnitude <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> ≥ 6.0