Estimates of Dose-Response for Respiratory Cancer Among Chrysotile Asbestos Textile Workers

Dement, John M.; Harris, Robert L.; Symons, Michael; Shy, C. M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-026838-5.50069-6

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…There have been a number of investigations of a cohort of workers exposed primarily to chrysotile at a textile plant in South Carolina (Dement et al, 1982(Dement et al, , 1983a(Dement et al, , 1983b(Dement et al, , 1994Stayner et al, 1997Stayner et al, , 2007 Brown, 1998, Hein et al, 2007). The present analysis is based upon follow-up though 2001 of 3072 workers (1256 white men, 1.5% lost to follow-up; 1265 mostly white females, 17% lost to follow-up; and 551 nonwhite males, 7% lost to follow-up) who worked for at least one month between 1940 and 1965.…”

Section: The South Carolina Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update of Potency Factors for Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma

Berman¹,

Crump

2008

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

157

125

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The most recent update of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) health assessment document for asbestos (Nicholson, 1986, referred to as "the EPA 1986 update") is now 20 years old. That document contains estimates of "potency factors" for asbestos in causing lung cancer (K L 's) and mesothelioma (K M 's) derived by fitting mathematical models to data from studies of occupational cohorts. The present paper provides a parallel analysis that incorporates data from studies published since the EPA 1986 update.The EPA lung cancer model assumes that the relative risk varies linearly with cumulative exposure lagged 10 years. This implies that the relative risk remains constant after 10 years from last exposure. The EPA mesothelioma model predicts that the mortality rate from mesothelioma increases linearly with the intensity of exposure and, for a given intensity, increases indefinitely after exposure ceases, approximately as the square of time since first exposure lagged 10 years. These assumptions were evaluated using raw data from cohorts where exposures were principally to chrysotile (South Carolina Although the linear EPA model generally provided a good description of exposure response for lung cancer, in some cases it did so only by estimating a large background risk relative to the comparison population. Some of these relative risks seem too large to be due to differences in smoking rates and are probably due at least in part to errors in exposure estimates. There was some equivocal evidence that the relative risk decreased with increasing time since last exposure in the Wittenoom cohort, but none either in the South Carolina cohort up to 50 years from last exposure or in the New Jersey cohort up to 35 years from last exposure.textileThe mesothelioma model provided good descriptions of the observed patterns of mortality after exposure ends, with no evidence that risk increases with long times since last exposure at rates that vary from that predicted by the model (i.e., with the square of time). In particular, the model adequately described the mortality rate in Quebec chrysotile miners and millers up through >50 years from last exposure. There was statistically significant evidence in both the Wittenoom and Quebec cohorts that the exposure intensity-response is supralinear 1 rather than linear. The best-fitting models predicted that the mortality rate varies as [intensity] 0.47 for Wittenoom and as [intensity] 0.19 for Quebec and, in both cases, the exponent was significantly less than 1 ( p < .0001).Using the EPA models, K L 's and K M 's were estimated from the three sets of raw data and also from published data covering a broader range of environments than those originally addressed in the EPA 1986 update. Uncertainty in these estimates was quantified using "uncertainty bounds" that reflect both statistical and nonstatistical uncertainties. Lung cancer potency factors (K L 's) were developed from 20 studies from 18 locations, compared to 13 locations covered in the EPA 1986 update. Mesothelioma p...

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Section: The South Carolina Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update of Potency Factors for Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma

Berman¹,

Crump

2008

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

157

125

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“…Et fiberår er et teoretisk mål på eksponering: Ett års arbeid i en arbeidsatmosfaere som inneholder gjennomsnittlig én fiber per kubikkcentimeter gjennom hele året. Det er god dokumentasjon for at en samlet dose på 25 fiberår eller mer gir en klar økning i risikoen for kreft i lungene og i mange andre eksponerte organer (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

Section: Pleuraplakkunclassified

“…Det er logisk at hele mage-og tarmkanalen eksponeres for asbest i tilknytning til inhalasjon av asbestfibre, for slimheisen KRONIKK transporterer en stor andel av de deponerte fibrene tilbake til pharynx, der de svelges. De klareste assosiasjonene mellom eksponering for asbest og kreft i mage-og tarmkanalen finner man i tidlige studier, den gang eksponeringen kunne vaere høygradig (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Disse og mange andre studier indikerer at det er en klar sammenheng mellom sterk eksponering for asbest og ulike kreftlokalisasjoner fra oesophagus til rectum.…”

Section: Hvilke Kreftlokalisasjoner Kan Vaere Asbestrelaterte?unclassified

Når er kreft arbeidsrelatert?

Langård¹

2011

Tidsskriftet

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“…For lung cancer and mesothelioma, epidemiologic studies suggest that fiber type and industrial process influence risk. A chrysotile textile manufacturing plant in Charleston, South Carolina, shows the steepest dose-response rela tionship for lung cancer among all asbestos-exposed cohorts studied (18,20). Some researchers have suggested that mesothelioma is more prevalent in amosite-and crocidolite-exposed cohorts than in chrysotile-exposed groups (37).…”

Section: Importance Of Fiber Type and Size In Causing Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%