Estimates of Emotional and Psychometric Intelligence: Evidence for Gender-Based Stereotypes

Abstract

The authors examined participants' estimates of own and parental psychometric intelligence (IQ) and emotional intelligence (EI). The authors asked 224 participants (82 men, 138 women, 4 people who did not report their gender) to estimate their own and their parents' IQ and EI scores on a normal distribution ranging from 55 to 145 points. The authors hypothesized that men would give higher IQ but lower EI self-estimates than women and that participants, regardless of gender, would rate their fathers as higher on IQ but lower on EI than their mothers. The results confirmed the hypotheses, supporting the view that people perceive psychometric intelligence as a primarily masculine attribute in contrast with emotional intelligence, which they perceive as a primarily feminine attribute. The results also showed that the intensity of the stereotypical perception of EI as a feminine attribute diminished when the authors asked participants to estimate their scores on a range of specific EI facets instead of providing a direct overall self-estimate.

Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Duygusal Zeka ve Yaşam Doyumlarının İncelenmesi

“…Cinsiyete göre duygusal zek} düzeyinde, kadınların lehine anlamlı farkın bulunduğu (Petrides, Furnham ve Martin, 2004) ve duygusal zek}nın geliştirilebilir olduğunu gösteren (Potter, 2005;Nelis, Quoidbach, Mikolajczak ve Hansenne, 2009) çalışmalar da vardır.…”

Gender Differences in Perceptive Emotional Adjustment of Parents on Their Children’s Emotional Intelligence

“…These differences are reflected in differences in the SEI of the sons and daughters of the sample, with greater self-reported emotional Attention of the daughters against most self-reported emotional Repair of sons, coinciding with some gender stereotypes. Males are expected to be strong and resilient while females are emotionally fragile (Petrides, Furnham, & Martin, 2004). These results have important implications in the field of prevention and intervention in EI and health.…”

Affect-matching music improves cognitive performance in adults and young children for both positive and negative emotions

“…Given the multiethnic population from which the sample was derived (involving different cultures and faiths) and the high level of individual differences, several factors may have contributed. For instance, it is possible that the males were less accurate than the females in their self-assessments of current mood (Baron-Cohen, 2002Beyer, 1990;Beyer & Bowden, 1997;Dillman Carpentier, Brown, Silk, Forbes, & Dahl, 2008;McClure, 2000;Petrides & Furnham, 2000;Petrides, Furnham, & Martin, 2004;Reiff, Hatzes, Bramel, & Gibbon, 2001), or perhaps cultural influences on the males' preferred affect regulation strategies have somehow negated the benefits of affectmatching music (see also Karageorghis et al, 2010). Future studies could develop a more precise and nuanced representation of the affect-matching effect if demographic, personal and cultural variables are carefully planned and controlled.…”

“…The gender effect found in Experiment 1 may be attributed to a process of enculturation in which women are encouraged or expected to express their feelings more openly and outperform men on 'emotional intelligence' measures (Baron-Cohen, 2002Furnham, 2001;Petrides, Furnham, & Martin, 2004, among others), which may include accurate selfassessment (Petrides & Furnham, 2000). If this is the case, gender may not moderate the mood/music-matching enhancement of cognitive performance in young children.…”