Estimates of genotypic and yearly variations on fruit quality and functional traits for tetraploid table grape breeding

Abstract

We estimated genetic and environmental variance components for fruit quality traits (cluster weight, berry weight, soluble solids content, total sugar content, sugar composition, free acid content, total amino acid content, amino acid composition), and a functional trait (gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content) of three commercial tetraploid table grape cultivars (Kyoho, Pione, Suiho) grown in Japan over three successive years. ANOVA showed that the effect of genotype was significant (P \ 0.05) for all traits except soluble solids content and total sugar content. The effect of the year was significant for all traits except amino acid composition (c ratio) and GABA content. The variance of genotype (r g 2 ) was highest for c ratio (63.6%), high in sugar composition (a ratio, 60.3%) and GABA content (58.8%), and negligible for soluble solids content (0.0%) and total sugar content (0.0%). The variance of among years (r y 2 ) was very high in soluble solids content (82.8%), high in total sugar content (60.2%) and negligibly small in c ratio (8.7%) and GABA content (6.4%). Some effects of genotype 9 year interaction, among vines within genotypes, and vine 9 year interaction were statistically significant, but these components were negligibly small. Except for soluble solids content and total sugar content, significant varietal differences in the traits were recorded. Variance estimates for each trait provides useful information for optimal yearly repetition to effectively discriminate genetic differences in fruit quality and functional traits for improving future tetraploid table grape breeding programs.

Improving in vitro induction of autopolyploidy in grapevine seedless cultivars

“…No significant increase in soluble solids and total sugar contents were observed in tetraploid grape berries (Shiraishi et al 2012), in contrast to the higher levels of soluble solids observed for tetraploid passion fruit (Rêgo et al 2011). In grapevine, these traits are highly influenced by the environment and exhibit low correlation to the genotype (Shiraishi et al 2012).…”

“…Similarly, shorter branches, larger stem diameters and smaller roots were described for autotetraploid plants from three Vitis rootstock cultivars, whereas, no morphological alteration was reported for allopolyploids (Motosugi et al 2002). Berry size and sensory and functional compound contents were also increased in tetraploid grape cultivars, in comparison to diploid ones (Shiraishi et al 2012(Shiraishi et al , 2010(Shiraishi et al , 2008. No significant increase in soluble solids and total sugar contents were observed in tetraploid grape berries (Shiraishi et al 2012), in contrast to the higher levels of soluble solids observed for tetraploid passion fruit (Rêgo et al 2011).…”

“…Berry size and sensory and functional compound contents were also increased in tetraploid grape cultivars, in comparison to diploid ones (Shiraishi et al 2012(Shiraishi et al , 2010(Shiraishi et al , 2008. No significant increase in soluble solids and total sugar contents were observed in tetraploid grape berries (Shiraishi et al 2012), in contrast to the higher levels of soluble solids observed for tetraploid passion fruit (Rêgo et al 2011). In grapevine, these traits are highly influenced by the environment and exhibit low correlation to the genotype (Shiraishi et al 2012).…”

Highly efficient in vitro tetraploid plant production via colchicine treatment using embryogenic suspension cultures in grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Mencía)

“…Polyploidization in grapevine could allow a greater fruit size and a loose berry cluster, characteristics that are very important for table grapes (Alleweldt and Possingham 1988). In fact, an increase in berry size and in the content of sensory and functional compounds in tetraploid table grape cultivars in comparison with their diploid counterparts has been reported (Shiraishi et al 2008(Shiraishi et al , 2010(Shiraishi et al , 2012, although without a significant variation in soluble solids and total sugar content (Shiraishi et al 2012). In addition, tolerance to environmental stress and the increased production of secondary metabolites could also be interesting in wine grapes.…”