Estimating Actor, Partner, and Interaction Effects for Dyadic Data Using PROC MIXED and HLM: A User–Friendly Guide

Campbell, Lorne; Kashy, Deborah A.

doi:10.1111/1475-6811.00023

Cited by 556 publications

(589 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This dyadic perspective should be reflected when conceptualizing the research question, choosing a study design, selecting methodology and measures, and by using dyadic-level statistical approaches to analyze and interpret the data. [134][135][136] Second, it will be important to use multimethod approaches to measure marital processes by including observational 137 and daily diary methods 138 that can capture the interactional nature of these processes. Measures of some relationship-enhancement behaviors, such as relationship awareness, need to be developed and validated for the cancer context.…”

Section: Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimacy and relationship processes in couples' psychosocial adaptation to cancer

Manne

Badr

2008

Cancer

371

355

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Section: Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimacy and relationship processes in couples' psychosocial adaptation to cancer

Manne

Badr

2008

Cancer

371

355

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“…When estimated, the two main features of APIM are the actor and partner effects (see Campbell & Kashy, 2002). The actor effect reflects the association between one's current state and his or her own scores on the same variable at an earlier occasion or on another variable.…”

Section: The Actor-partner Interdependence Model (Apim)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, most research in this area has considered fathers and mothers separately, and only a few studies have addressed how ex-partners' emotional states may influence each other (Bickerdike & Littlefield, 2001). One specific approach for dyadic data analysis, the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM; Kashy & Kenny, 2000;Kenny, 1996;Kenny & Cook, 1999), deals with problems of non-independence by treating individuals as nested under couples.When estimated, the two main features of APIM are the actor and partner effects (see Campbell & Kashy, 2002). The actor effect reflects the association between one's current state and his or her own scores on the same variable at an earlier occasion or on another variable.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deeper into divorce: Using actor-partner analyses to explore systemic differences in coparenting conflict following custody dispute resolution.

Sbarra¹,

Emery²

2008

Journal of Family Psychology

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Divorce is an inherently interpersonal experience, yet too often adults' reactions to marital dissolution are investigated as intrapersonal experiences that unfold outside of the relational context in which they exist. This article examines systemic patterns of interpersonal influence between divorced parents who were randomly assigned to either mediate or litigate a child custody dispute in the mid-1980s. Reports of coparenting conflict and nonacceptance of the divorce were assessed 5 weeks after the dispute settlement, 13 months after the settlement, and then again 12 years later. One hundred nine (N = 109) parents provided data over this 12-year period. Fathers reported the highest initial levels of conflict when their ex-partners were more accepting of the divorce. Mediation parents reported decreases in coparenting conflict in the year after dispute settlement, whereas litigation parents reported increases in conflict. Litigation parents evidenced the greatest long-term increases and decreases in coparenting conflict. Mediation is a potent force for reducing postdivorce conflict, and this article highlights the usefulness of adopting a systemic lens for understanding the long-term correlates of marital dissolution. Keywords divorce; child custody mediation; emotional adjustment; actor-partner interdependence model; coparenting conflict Divorced families are still families, and, consistent with systems perspective, former partners have considerable influence on each other as families negotiate a marital transition. These issues are particularly apparent when parents are embroiled in disputes over child custody. Coparenting conflict can escalate quickly in response to practical child-rearing concerns or the relational dynamics between parents who are redefining the boundaries of their relationship. In many instances, child-rearing conflicts result from relational dynamics that, at most, are only tangentially related to the dispute (Emery, 1994). For instance, parents may fight for child custody as a means of emotionally (and literally) contesting the end of marriage.Although a great deal is written on the interpersonal dynamics of divorce (Amato, 2000;Emery, 2004;Hetherington, Bridges, & Insabella, 1998;Wallerstein, Lewis, & Blakeslee, 2000), few empirical studies have examined the ways in which one parent's Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to David A. Sbarra, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721-0068. sbarra@email.arizona.edu. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript behaviors and emotions influence or are influenced by their former spouse. In an effort to move beyond static, intraindividual perspectives on divorce adjustment, we examined patterns of interpersonal influence in the context of mediated or litigated child custody dispute resolution in the present article. Our main goals were to investigate how custody dispute resolution alters relational dynamics bet...

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“…By doing so, they provide separate, statistically independent tests of actor and partner paths, in which the effects of the actor's independent variable score on the actor's dependent measure control for the partner's independent variable score, and the effects of the partner's independent variable score on the actor's dependent measure control for the actor's independent variable score. With this approach, the dyad is treated as the unit of analysis, and actor and partner effects are tested with the proper degrees of freedom (see Kenny, 1996;Kashy and Kenny, 2000;Campbell and Kashy, 2002, for further details).…”

Section: Apim Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

When accuracy hurts, and when it helps: A test of the empathic accuracy model in marital interactions

Simpson¹,

Orina²,

Ickes³

2004

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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This study tested predictions from Simpson's (1997, 2001) empathic accuracy model. Married couples were videotaped as they tried to resolve a problem in their marriage.Both spouses then viewed a videotape of the interaction, recorded the thoughts and feelings they had at specific time-points, and tried to infer their partner's thoughts and feelings. Consistent with the model, when the partner's thoughts and feelings were relationship-threatening (as rated by both the partners and by trained observers), greater empathic accuracy on the part of the perceiver was associated with pre-to-posttest declines in the perceiver's feelings of subjective closeness. The reverse was true when the partner's thoughts and feelings were non-threatening.Exploratory analyses revealed that these effects were partially mediated through observer-ratings of the degree to which partners tried to avoid the discussion issue.3 When Accuracy Hurts, and When It Helps: A Test of the Empathic Accuracy Model in Marital InteractionsPrevious research has uncovered an apparent paradox about the relation between empathic accuracy and relationship quality. The results of some studies indicate that empathic understanding is positively correlated with relationship quality and functioning (e.g., Kahn, 1970; Noller, 1980;Noller & Ruzzene, 1991; Noller & Vernardos, 1986). However, the results of other studies reveal a negative correlation (e.g., Floyd, 1988;Gottman, 1979; Kowalik & Gotlib, 1987;Sillars, Pike, Jones, & Murphy, 1984;Simpson, Ickes, & Blackstone, 1995). It is this apparent paradox that the present study was designed to address.Evidence showing that heightened empathic accuracy can have positive effects on relationships comes from several sources. Relative to unhappily married couples, happy couples are more accurate at identifying both the kind of affect experienced by their partners during conflict resolution discussions as well as their partners' specific goals and intentions (Noller & Ruzzene, 1991). Satisfied married couples also report less discrepant interpretations of their partners' nonverbal communications during conversations than do less satisfied couples (Kahn, 1970). And non-distressed couples tend to exhibit better empathic understanding than clinically distressed couples do (Gottman, 1979).Definitive conclusions, however, cannot be drawn from these findings because other research indicates that-at least in some situations-greater empathic accuracy is associated with poorer relationship functioning and outcomes. In an important early literature review, Sillars and Scott (1983) noted that, in studies of couples engaged in conflict interactions, married partners who are closer and happier actually display less empathic accuracy than those who are not. In 4 related research, Sillars et al. (1984) found that more negative statements and more negative vocal tones were expressed by spouses who more accurately discerned how their partner assessed the importance of the problems being discussed.To explain these puzzling findi...

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Estimating Actor, Partner, and Interaction Effects for Dyadic Data Using PROC MIXED and HLM: A User–Friendly Guide

Cited by 556 publications

References 18 publications

Intimacy and relationship processes in couples' psychosocial adaptation to cancer

Intimacy and relationship processes in couples' psychosocial adaptation to cancer

Deeper into divorce: Using actor-partner analyses to explore systemic differences in coparenting conflict following custody dispute resolution.

When accuracy hurts, and when it helps: A test of the empathic accuracy model in marital interactions

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