Estimating biomass of submersed vegetation using a simple rake sampling technique

Kenow, Kevin P.; Lyon, James E.; Hines, Randy K.; Elfessi, Abdulaziz

doi:10.1007/s10750-006-0284-z

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The submersed aquatic plant community richness of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta is similar to that reported for other river systems such as the Mississippi River (Kenow et al 2007) and the tidal Potomac River (Rybicki et al 2001), fluvial lakes such as the St. Laurence Lake (Quebec, Canada) (Vis et al 2003), and lentic systems such as lakes in Maine (Hunter et al 1986). However, in the Delta, the ratio of non-native to native plant species is higher (4:5) than that for these other systems (1:6, 1:14 or 2:5) (Hunter et al 1986;Kenow et al 2007;Rybicki et al 2001;Vis et al 2003). This indicates that the non-native species are a major and much larger component of submersed aquatic plant communities in this system than reported in others.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…At each location we identified the submersed aquatic plant species and documented their locations using a handheld Geographic Position System device with sub-meter accuracy (Geo XT, Trimble Inc., Sunnyvale, California, USA). Submersed aquatic plant species sampling consisted of retrieving submersed aquatic plants using a longhandled, double-headed thatch rake (head width of 35 cm, with fourteen, sharp, flat 5.5 cm long tines on each side) following the protocol described in Kenow et al (2007). The rake-sampling technique is effective in determining the presence and composition of submersed plants, especially when water clarity is poor.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rake-sampling technique is effective in determining the presence and composition of submersed plants, especially when water clarity is poor. Rake sampling offers an alternative to other methods, like hydro-acoustic techniques, which are inaccurate in shallow waters (\0.7 m) (Kenow et al 2007) and under dense submersed aquatic plant canopies (Vis et al 2003), and cannot reliably distinguish species (Winfield et al 2007), especially when they co-occur. At each site we collected one rake sample and identified each of the species.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At each site we collected one rake sample and identified each of the species. The relative quantity and relative proportion of individual species in each rake measurement were rated from 1 to 100 to estimate the dominance of each species, following the protocol described in Kenow et al (2007).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects of invasive species on plant communities: an example using submersed aquatic plants at the regional scale

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Submersed aquatic plants have a key role in maintaining functioning aquatic ecosystems through their effects on the hydrological regime, sedimentation, nutrient cycling and habitat of associated fauna. Modifications of aquatic plant communities, for example through the introduction of invasive species, can alter these functions. In the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California, a major invasive submersed plant, Brazilian waterweed Egeria densa, has become widespread and greatly affected the functionality of the submersed aquatic plant community. Rapid assessments of the distribution and abundance of this species are therefore crucial to direct management actions early in the season. Given the E. densa bimodal growth pattern (late spring and fall growth peaks), summer assessments of this species may indicate which and where other submersed species may occur and fall assessments may indicate where this and other species may occur in the following spring, primarily because the Delta's winter water temperatures are usually insufficient to kill submersed aquatic plant species. We assessed community composition and distribution in the fall of 2007 and summer of 2008 using geostatistical analysis; and measured summer biomass, temperature, pH, salinity, and turbidity. In the fall of 2007, submersed aquatic plants covered a much higher proportion of the waterways (60.7%) than in the summer of 2008 (37.4%), with a significant overlap between the seasonal distribution of native and nonnative species. Most patches were monospecific, and multispecies patches had significantly higher dominance by E. densa, co-occurring especially with Ceratophyllum demersum. As species richness of non-natives increased there was a significant decrease in richness of natives, and of native biomass. Sustained E. densa summer biomass negatively affected the likelihood of presence of Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton crispus, and Elodea canadensis but not their biomass within patches. Depth, temperature and salinity were associated with biomass; however, the direction of the effect was species specific. Our results suggest that despite native and invasive non-native submersed plant species sharing available niches in the Delta, E. densa affects aquatic plant community structure and composition by facilitating persistence of some species and reducing the likelihood of establishment of other species. Successful management of this species may therefore facilitate shifts in existing non-native or native plant species.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of invasive species on plant communities: an example using submersed aquatic plants at the regional scale

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Yin et al (2000) modified the rake methods of Jessen & Lound (1962) and Deppe & Lathrop (1992) to quantify frequency of occurrence and abundance of SAV in the Upper Mississippi River System for the Environmental Management Program-Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. The Yin et al (2000) rake method is capable of estimating biomass when the method is calibrated with biomass samples prior to initial use in a water body (Kenow et al, 2007); however, the collection of biomass is not always feasible and managers may want to quantify SAV without first collecting biomass. Also, water depth and substrate type may affect the efficiency of the rake to retrieve SAV (Rodusky et al, 2005) causing the rake to inadequately characterize SAV communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evaluation of a rake method to quantify submersed vegetation in the Upper Mississippi River

Yin

Kreiling

2011

Hydrobiologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A long-handled, double-headed garden rake was used to collect submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) and compared to in-boat visual inspection to record species presence at 67 individual sites. Six rake subsamples were taken at each site and a rake density rating was given to each species collected in the subsamples. Presence at the site, frequency of occurrence in the six rake samples, and additive density rating (the sum of the six rake density ratings) were quantified for each species at each site. The validity of the indices was tested against biomass data collected by clipping all remaining vegetation from the 67 sites. In the turbid water of the Mississippi River, visual inspection of SAV from boats was ineffective with only 27% of the species detected, while raking retrieved on average 70% of the total number of submersed species in the 67 sites. Presence of species at individual sites was correlated with biomass from Stuckenia pectinata, while frequency of occurrence and additive density rating were correlated with biomass for species with greater than 21 g of total biomass from all sites. The efficiency of the rake to collect biomass varied among species; only 18% of total biomass was captured via raking the site six times. Additive density rating as an index of abundance can be used to detect temporal changes in the same water body; however, cross-species comparison is not encouraged unless the efficiency of the rake has been determined for each species being compared.

show abstract

Factors Affecting Wetland Use by Spring Migrating Ducks in the Southern Prairie Pothole Region

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is increasing recognition of the importance of wetlands in the prairie pothole region (PPR) of the northern United States for stopover habitat for spring-migrating waterfowl. The quality and quantity of stopover habitat found near breeding areas can affect speed and success of migration and subsequent breeding events. Conservation and management of wetlands in the region has traditionally focused narrowly on reproductive phases of the life cycle, and little to no research has examined how ducks use a diversity of available wetlands in the region during migration. We conducted weekly surveys on 1,061 wetlands during spring 2018 and 2019 to examine factors affecting duck use of wetlands in the intensively modified southern PPR landscape of Iowa, USA, for wetland restoration and conservation strategies. We compared wetland types, which included farmed, seasonal, and semi-permanent wetlands, and lakes. The highest duck use per unit area occurred on semi-permanent wetlands, followed by seasonal, and then farmed wetlands, and lakes. Ducks were highly clustered in our study, with 75% of all use-days occurring on only 37 wetlands comprising 41% of all wetland area surveyed. We used hurdle models to examine how local and landscape factors measured within and around wetlands influenced duck use during spring migration. Multiple factors related to duck use at local and landscape scales, such as wetland area, vegetation abundance, and number of wetlands in the surrounding landscape. Among semi-permanent wetlands, local factors within wetlands were more important than landscape factors in determining duck use. Collectively, our findings suggest semi-permanent wetlands within the PPR play a key role in transitioning birds from wintering areas to breeding areas and that management of semi-permanent wetlands should promote interspersion of emergent vegetation and open water and growth of submersed aquatic plants to improve their function for migrants.

show abstract

Estimating biomass of submersed vegetation using a simple rake sampling technique

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of invasive species on plant communities: an example using submersed aquatic plants at the regional scale

Effects of invasive species on plant communities: an example using submersed aquatic plants at the regional scale

The evaluation of a rake method to quantify submersed vegetation in the Upper Mississippi River

Factors Affecting Wetland Use by Spring Migrating Ducks in the Southern Prairie Pothole Region

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About