Estimating bulk density of compacted grains in storage bins and modifications of <scp>J</scp>anssen's load equations as affected by bulk density

Haque, Ekramul

doi:10.1002/fsn3.23

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Based on the height and distance from the center of the grain pile, a variable porosity can be assigned in the pilot-scale bin. According to Haque's (2013) research, the porosity of the grain pile gradually decreases as the depth of the grain layer increases. When the wheat particles on the surface are naturally packed without pressure, the maximum porosity ranges from .42 to .45 and rapidly decreases with the depth of the grain layer.…”

Section: Porosity Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved anisotropic continuum model for the flow and heat transfer in grain aeration system

Liu

Chen

Zheng

et al. 2023

J Food Process Engineering

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To investigate the influence of pore structure distribution on the flow and heat transfer during the aeration process of a grain pile, an anisotropic continuous model (ACM) was developed based on the homogeneous continuous model (HCM). The improved ACM includes spatial resistance factors and effective thermal conductivity correction coefficients. The experimental results were compared with the particle‐resolved computational fluid dynamics (PRCFD) and ACM simulation results to verify the accuracy. At higher inlet velocities, the HCM underestimated the pressure drop in the wheat fixed bed, with an average deviation of 21%. In contrast, the improved ACM incorporates the effect of resistance factors and had an average deviation of less than 10% from the experimental. By simulating the pilot‐scale bin aeration system, the accuracy of the improved ACM applied to the real bin was ensured, considering the change in the porosity of the grain pile along the center of the bin to the bin wall and the grain pile height direction. The range of variable porosity distribution was set at .35–.45, and the total average deviation between the ACM simulation static pressure and the experimental value was 9.7% when the inlet airflow velocity was .019 m/s. The simulated temperature of the ACM matches the measured temperature better compared to the temperature values of the grain pile at different heights in the HCM with a constant porosity of .45. Therefore, the impact of four central air collection duct forms on airflow and temperature was discussed, and it was determined that the pipe with a larger diameter at the top and a smaller diameter at the bottom air collection duct was more advantageous when used in a horizontal aeration system by applying the improved ACM to different scenarios.Practical ApplicationsThis study introduces the resistance factor and effective thermal conductivity in a laboratory‐scale fixed bed of wheat. An improved anisotropic continuous model was established for simulating the flow and heat transfer in the fixed bed during the aeration process. The improved anisotropic continuous model accurately reflected the non‐uniformity of fixed bed flow and temperature transfer in the fixed bed. This model can be employed for simulating flow and heat transfer in large‐scale actual storage systems characterized by heterogeneous pore distribution, while ensuring appropriate computational efficiency and precision.

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Section: Porosity Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved anisotropic continuum model for the flow and heat transfer in grain aeration system

Liu

Chen

Zheng

et al. 2023

J Food Process Engineering

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“…One of the main drawbacks of measuring inner volume to estimate the weight is the assumption that the bulk density of the stored product remains constant throughout the entire bin. This might be true for smaller bins but in modern commercial-size bins, bulk density of feed compounds substantially increases due to compressive and hoop stresses [19].…”

Section: Measure Of a Known Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Internet of Things (IoT) Solution to Optimise the Livestock Feed Supply Chain

Raba¹,

Gurt²,

Vila³

et al. 2020

6th International Conference on Natural Language Processing (NATP 2020)

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The animal feed supply chain to farm, mainly represented by the feed suppliers and livestock farmers, currently faces great inefficiencies due to outdated supply chain management. Stakeholders struggle with the timing and quantity evaluation when restocking their feed bins, significantly affecting cost and labour efficiency. However, the lack of accurate and cost-effective sensors to measure stock levels of solid materials stored in containers and open piles is preventing the implementation of these strategies in a large number of industrial sectors. In these cases, traditional technologies cannot offer a convenient solution due to an inevitable trade-off between accuracy and cost. This work develops an integral feedstock management system to optimise the entire supply chain. A new monitoring system based on an RGB-D sensor is presented as well as the data processing pipeline from raw depth measurements to bin specific daily consumption rates. K EYWORDSInventory management, Vendor Managed Inventories, Internet of Things.

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“…The grain is subjected to different levels of compression. The bulk density and porosity change with vertical pressure [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Study of Pressure Drop Characteristics of Soybean Grain under Vertical Pressure

et al. 2022

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The vertical pressure lead to increased airflow resistance through the grain bulk, which affected the efficiency of ventilation and drying. The effects of vertical pressures at 50, 150, and 250 kPa on the pressure drop characteristics of soybeans were studied using experiment and numerical simulation. The random packing and different compression states for soybean packed beds were generated by the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) were coupled to investigate the radial velocity and pressure drop of soybean bulk. The simulation results showed that the radial porosity had an oscillating distribution, and the radial average dimensionless velocity was consistent with the distribution trend of porosity. The increase in vertical pressure causes a decrease in porosity and an increase in local velocity. The PathFinder code was used as a supplementary method to calculate the pore path and pore characterization parameters, and the resistance coefficient term in the Forchheimer equation was determined. The compression of soybeans measured by the experiment mainly occurred within two hours after loading. The pressure drop of soybeans increased with the vertical pressure, with the average pressure drop at vertical pressures of 50, 150, and 250 kPa being 36%, 57%, and 92% higher than the uncompressed state (0 kPa). The pressure drop of soybeans calculated by the DEM-CFD method and the Forchheimer equation under different vertical pressures were in close agreement with the experimental results, and an average relative difference was found to be less than 10%. These results provide guidance for estimating the pressure drop of soybeans at different grain depths.

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Estimating bulk density of compacted grains in storage bins and modifications of Janssen's load equations as affected by bulk density

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

An improved anisotropic continuum model for the flow and heat transfer in grain aeration system

An improved anisotropic continuum model for the flow and heat transfer in grain aeration system

An Internet of Things (IoT) Solution to Optimise the Livestock Feed Supply Chain

Experimental and Numerical Study of Pressure Drop Characteristics of Soybean Grain under Vertical Pressure

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