Estimating circadian phase in elementary school children: leveraging advances in physiologically informed models of circadian entrainment and wearable devices

Moreno, Jennette P.; Hannay, Kevin M.; Walch, Olivia; Dadabhoy, Hafza; Christian, Jessica Siegel; Puyau, Maurice R.; El‐Mubasher, Abeer; Bacha, Fida; Grant, Sarah; Park, Rebekah Julie; Cheng, Philip

doi:10.1093/sleep/zsac061

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, light exposure in this study was measured from a wrist-worn device (ActiGraph GT3X+), which may not accurately capture light at the eye level. The GT3X device also has a red casing 13 , which may reduce its light measurement sensitivity 42 . Location and exact date data of measurement were not available, so the influence of location and specific time of year on the results was not investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Exposure Differs by Gender in the US: Women Have Less Bright Light Exposure than Men

Wallace

2024

Preprint

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Light is a salient environmental exposure, serving as the primary entraining cue for the circadian system and having other, non-circadian, effects on health. Gender differences in light exposure patterns could contribute to gender differences in health outcomes and would have important implications for sleep and circadian research. Gender differences in real-world light exposure (measured over a week with wrist-worn ActiGraph GT3X+ devices) were investigated in cross-sectional data from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Measures of time above light threshold (TALT), individual photoperiod (IP), first and last timing of light (FTL and LTL, respectively), and mean light timing revised (MLiTR) at different light intensity thresholds were derived. Gender differences in light exposure were tested using two-sample t-tests, Watson's two-sample test of homogeneity, and linear regression models. Exploratory analyses to investigate work and physical activity-related factors in relation to bright light exposure were also conducted. A total of 11,318 NHANES participants (age range: 3-80+, 52.2% women) with 6 days of valid actigraphy and light data were included in the analysis. The findings suggest that for every 60 minutes of bright light (>=1,000 lux) that men receive, women receive 39.6 minutes. Men spend approximately 52% more time in bright light than women and this gender difference begins in childhood. The IP of bright light exposure is also longer for men, with earlier first and later last timing of bright light exposure compared to women. These gender differences were robust across ages and between race and ethnicity groups. While further research is needed, these gender differences in light exposure may be due to gender differences in indoor vs. outdoor activities. Future studies of gender differences in response to light exposure should consider light exposure history in study design and analysis. The results of this study may inform future health disparities research and support the importance of the study of light as an important environmental exposure and component of the human exposome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Exposure Differs by Gender in the US: Women Have Less Bright Light Exposure than Men

Wallace

2024

Preprint

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“…The Hannay Model simulations were conducted using an explicit Runge–Kutta method of order 5 (4) numerical integration written in Python (https://github.com/khannay/Circadian-DLMO-Prediction). Because the Hannay Model was previously validated to predict dim‐light melatonin onset among children using activity [32], activity data were used to compute the ESRI. Prior research has also indicated that, when using wrist‐worn devices, activity data provide a more robust estimate of input to the circadian signal than light data [39, 40], likely because of various limitations of measuring light from the wrist (e.g., obstruction by apparel, a light sensor from the wrist may not correspond to retinal light input, accelerometer performance is typically more stable than light sensors).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with other models, estimates of circadian phase are based on inputs to the clock such as light exposure or activity as measured by a wearable wrist‐worn device [31]. Using children's activity patterns, the Hannay Model was shown to predict children's circadian phase as assessed by dim‐light melatonin onset with a mean absolute error of 31 minutes among a sample of 29 children aged 5 to 8 years [32]. The Hannay Model also has been used to accurately predict circadian phase in shift workers [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Entrainment Signal Regularity Index and associations with children's changes in BMI

Moreno

Hannay

Goetz

et al. 2023

Obesity

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Objective: This study examined the validity of a novel metric of circadian health, the Entrainment Signal Regularity Index (ESRI), and its relationship to changes in BMI during the school year and summer. Methods: In a longitudinal observational data set, this study examined the relationship between ESRI score and children's (n = 119, 5-to 8-year-olds) sleep and physical activity levels during the school year and summer, differences in ESRI score during the school year and summer, and the association of ESRI score during the school year and summer with changes in BMI across those time periods. Results: The ESRI score was higher during the school year (0.70 AE 0.10) compared with summer (0.63 AE 0.11); t(111) = 5.484, p < 0.001. Whereas the ESRI score at the beginning of the school year did not significantly predict BMI change during the school year (β = 0.05 AE 0.09 SE, p = 0.57), having a higher ESRI score during summer predicted smaller increases in BMI during summer (β = À0.22 AE 0.10 SE, p = 0.03).Conclusions: Overall, children demonstrated higher entrainment regularity during the school year compared with the summer. During summer, having a higher entrainment signal was associated with smaller changes in summertime BMI. This effect was independent of the effects of children's sleep midpoint, sleep regularity, and physical activity on children's BMI.

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“…Using the Sadeh algorithm [ 62 ] epochs will be scored as sleep or wake. According to established protocols [ 17 , 63 ], each sleep episode reported in the parent diary will be inspected in the activity data. Nights will be considered valid if the participant provided 20 minutes of wear time before sleep onset.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Circadian Rhythm and Sleep-Focused Mobile Health Intervention for the Prevention of Accelerated Summer Weight Gain Among Elementary School–Age Children: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study

Moreno¹,

Dadabhoy²,

Musaad³

et al. 2022

JMIR Res Protoc

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Background The i♥rhythm project is a mobile health adaptation of interpersonal and social rhythm therapy designed to promote healthy sleep and behavioral rhythms among 5-8-year olds during summer for the prevention of accelerated summer weight gain. Objective This pilot study will examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the i♥rhythm intervention. This will ensure that the research protocol and procedures work as desired and are acceptable to families in preparation for the fully powered randomized controlled trial. The proposed study will examine the willingness of participants to participate in the intervention and determine whether modifications to the intervention, procedures, and measures are needed before conducting a fully powered study. We will assess our ability to (1) recruit, consent, and retain participants; (2) deliver the intervention; (3) implement the study and assessment procedures; (4) assess the reliability of the proposed measures; and (5) assess the acceptability of the intervention and assessment protocol. Methods This study will employ a single-blinded 2-group randomized control design (treatment and no-treatment control) with randomization occurring after baseline (Time 0) and 3 additional evaluation periods (postintervention [Time 1], and 9 months [Time 2] and 12 months after intervention [Time 3]). A sample of 40 parent-child dyads will be recruited. Results This study was approved by the institutional review board of Baylor College of Medicine (H-47369). Recruitment began in March 2021. As of March 2022, data collection and recruitment are ongoing. Conclusions This study will address the role of sleep and circadian rhythms in the prevention of accelerated summer weight gain and assess the intervention’s effects on the long-term prevention of child obesity. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04445740; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04445740. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/37002

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Estimating circadian phase in elementary school children: leveraging advances in physiologically informed models of circadian entrainment and wearable devices

Cited by 11 publications

References 47 publications

Light Exposure Differs by Gender in the US: Women Have Less Bright Light Exposure than Men

Light Exposure Differs by Gender in the US: Women Have Less Bright Light Exposure than Men

Validation of the Entrainment Signal Regularity Index and associations with children's changes in BMI

Evaluation of a Circadian Rhythm and Sleep-Focused Mobile Health Intervention for the Prevention of Accelerated Summer Weight Gain Among Elementary School–Age Children: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study

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