“…5 Other applications of common cycles and common trends methodology in business cycles (national, local and sectoral), macroeconomic variables, health expenditures, metals and commodities can be found in the papers, such as: Vahid and Engle (1993), Engle and Issler (1995), Issler and Vahid (2001), Narayan (2008), Narayan and Narayan (2008a, b), and Issler et al, (2014). 6 Common trends and cycles can also be introduced into the multivariate structural time series model of Harvey (1989) and Koopman et al (2000).…”