Estimating Dispersal and Survival of &lt;I&gt;Anopheles gambiae&lt;/I&gt; and &lt;I&gt;Anopheles funestus&lt;/I&gt; Along the Kenyan Coast by Using Mark–Release–Recapture Methods

Midega, Janet; Mbogo, Charles M.; Mwambi, Henry; Wilson, Michael D.; Ojwang, Gordon O.; Mwangangi, Joseph; Nzovu, Joseph G.; Githure, John I.; Yan, Guiyun; Beier, John C.

doi:10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[923:edasoa]2.0.co;2

Cited by 73 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…gambiae travelled less than ¼ mile per day 6. Similarly, a recent mark-release-recapture study in Kenya indicated daily flight ranges of 200–400 m,30 corresponding to the mosquito with the maximal flight length of five grids in our model. Therefore, searching efficiency would increase with flight capability to a certain extent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Agent-based modelling of mosquito foraging behaviour for malaria control

Novak

2009

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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SummaryTraditional environmental management programmes require extensive coverage of larval habitats to reduce drastically the emergence of adult mosquitoes. Recent studies have highlighted the impact of reduced availability of aquatic habitats on mosquito foraging for hosts and oviposition sites. In this study, we developed an agent-based model to track the status and movement of mosquitoes individually. Mosquito foraging was represented as a two-stage process: random flight when the resource was not within the mosquito's perception range and directional flight to the resource when it was detected. Three scenarios of targeted source reduction were devised to eliminate all aquatic habitats within certain distances of human habitations. For comparison, three conventional source reductions randomly eliminated the same numbers of aquatic habitats as their corresponding targeted scenarios. Our results show that the elimination of habitats within 100 m, 200 m and 300 m of surrounding houses resulted in 13%, 91% and 94% reductions in malaria incidence, respectively; compared with −3%, 19% and 44%, respectively, for the corresponding conventional interventions. These findings indicate that source reduction might not require coverage of extensive areas, as previously thought, and that the distance to human habitations can be used for habitat targeting.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Agent-based modelling of mosquito foraging behaviour for malaria control

Novak

2009

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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“…To confirm that the results of the simulations were not only valid for our experimentally derived values, we ran the simulations separately using values for survivorship and male insemination rate estimated from the literature (Gary and Foster 2001; Midega et al 2007; Rodriguez, Aldridge, and W.A.F., unpublished), and at different levels of fecundity. For the literature-based simulations, R was determined numerically to generate population growth that would yield an arbitrary 50-fold population increase in one year when sugar was readily available.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Sugar Deprivation Reduces Insemination ofAnopheles gambiae(Diptera: Culicidae), Despite Daily Recruitment of Adults, and Predicts Decline in Model Populations

et al. 2009

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Our research tests the hypothesis that the inability to sugar-feed reduces the insemination rate in mosquito populations. To test this, we measured the effects of sugar availability on cumulative insemination performance of male Anopheles gambiae Giles s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) during 10-d periods of continual emergence of equal numbers of both sexes, and we evaluated the implications at the population level with a matrix population model. On each day of each of four replicates, 20 newly emerged mosquitoes of each sex were recruited into the populations within two mesocosms, large walk-in enclosures with simulated natural conditions. Each mesocosm contained a cage to replicate the experiment on a small scale. Scented sucrose was absent or present (control). A human host was available nightly as a bloodmeal source in both mesocosms. Sugar availability and enclosure size significantly influenced female insemination. In the mesocosms, with sugar 49.7% of the females were inseminated, compared with 10.9% of the females without sugar. In the small cages, the insemination rates were 76.0 and 23.5%, respectively. In the mesocosms, cumulative survival of females after 10 d was 51.6% with sugar and 25.6% without sugar. In the cages, female survival was 95 and 73%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis of the population projection matrix shows that both reduced male survival and reduced mating capability due to a lack of sugar contributed to lower insemination rates in females, and in the absence of sugar the insemination rate was lowered to an extent that led to population decline. Keywords mosquito; sugar feeding; mating performance; population projection matrix Anopheles gambiae Giles s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the main vectors of malaria in subSaharan Africa, yet the behavioral ecology of the males remains insufficiently explored (Ferguson et al. 2005). Current interest in developing sterile male or genetically modified male release programs makes this need for basic knowledge urgent. Here, we examine the mating capability of males in relation to the availability of sugar sources in the environment. Plant sugar is the only exogenous source of energy available to adult An. gambiae males (Foster 2Corresponding author, stone.361@osu.edu. NIH Public AccessAuthor Manuscript J Med Entomol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 November 1. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript 1995). In the absence of sugar, survival of males is dependent solely on accumulation of larval reserves, and in this species those reserves are severely limited (Foster and Takken 2004, Walker 2008). For all females of a cohort to become inseminated under these circumstances, either each male must successfully mate at least once within the first few days of his life, before reaching his peak mating capability (Verhoek and Takken 1994), or some proportion of males must inseminate multiple females during this brief period. This demand on males may increase if polyandry in nature is as common as in s...

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“…Previous research into adult mortality has examined the probability of daily survival within a range of temperatures from 5°C to 40°C and with a humidity range from 40% to 100% [17,18], the different mortalities of emerging males and females [33], the time to 50% survival at different temperatures [45,46], the proportion surviving after exposure to high temperatures [16], and survival at different combinations of temperature and relative humidity (RH) [29]. However, our study differs from these by allowing mosquitoes to blood-feed and oviposit, mimicking more closely their true fate as adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data have been reported on the influence of adult temperature on adult survival [14][15][16][17][18]. Fewer data exist on the influence of juvenile environmental temperature on juvenile survival [19][20][21][22][23], but none exist, to our knowledge, on the influence of environmental temperature during the juvenile stages on adult mortality, although temperature throughout the mosquito's development may have repercussions on its survival [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature during larval development and adult maintenance influences the survival of Anopheles gambiae s.s.

Christiansen-Jucht

Parham

Saddler

et al. 2014

Parasites & Vectors

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Background: Malaria transmission depends on vector life-history parameters and population dynamics, and particularly on the survival of adult Anopheles mosquitoes. These dynamics are sensitive to climatic and environmental factors, and temperature is a particularly important driver. Data currently exist on the influence of constant and fluctuating adult environmental temperature on adult Anopheles gambiae s.s. survival and on the effect of larval environmental temperature on larval survival, but none on how larval temperature affects adult life-history parameters. Methods: Mosquito larvae and pupae were reared individually at different temperatures (23 ± 1°C, 27 ± 1°C, 31 ± 1°C, and 35 ± 1°C), 75 ± 5% relative humidity. Upon emergence into imagoes, individual adult females were either left at their larval temperature or placed at a different temperature within the range above. Survival was monitored every 24 hours and data were analysed using non-parametric and parametric methods. The Gompertz distribution fitted the survivorship data better than the gamma, Weibull, and exponential distributions overall and was adopted to describe mosquito mortality rates. Results: Increasing environmental temperature during the larval stages decreased larval survival (p < 0.001). Increases of 4°C (from 23°C to 27°C, 27°C to 31°C, and 31°C to 35°C), 8°C (27°C to 35°C) and 12°C (23°C to 35°C) statistically significantly increased larval mortality (p < 0.001). Higher environmental temperature during the adult stages significantly lowered adult survival overall (p < 0.001), with increases of 4°C and 8°C significantly influencing survival (p < 0.001). Increasing the larval environment temperature also significantly increased adult mortality overall (p < 0.001): a 4°C increase (23°C to 27°C) did not significantly affect adult survival (p > 0.05), but an 8°C increase did (p < 0.05). The effect of a 4°C increase in larval temperature from 27°C to 31°C depended on the adult environmental temperature. The data also suggest that differences between the temperatures of the larval and adult environments affects adult mosquito survival. Conclusions: Environmental temperature affects Anopheles survival directly during the juvenile and adult stages, and indirectly, since temperature during larval development significantly influences adult survival. These results will help to parameterise more reliable mathematical models investigating the potential impact of temperature and global warming on malaria transmission.

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Estimating Dispersal and Survival of <I>Anopheles gambiae</I> and <I>Anopheles funestus</I> Along the Kenyan Coast by Using Mark–Release–Recapture Methods

Cited by 73 publications

References 14 publications

Agent-based modelling of mosquito foraging behaviour for malaria control

Agent-based modelling of mosquito foraging behaviour for malaria control

Sugar Deprivation Reduces Insemination ofAnopheles gambiae(Diptera: Culicidae), Despite Daily Recruitment of Adults, and Predicts Decline in Model Populations

Temperature during larval development and adult maintenance influences the survival of Anopheles gambiae s.s.

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