Estimating drowning deaths in Northern Iran using capture–recapture method

Kiakalayeh, Ali Davoudi; Mohammadi, Reza; Ekman, Diana; Yousefzade-Chabok, Shahrokh; Behboudi, Firoz; Jansson, Bjarne

doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.09.005

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In Iran, during the year 2005, the majority of drowning deaths among all age groups occurred in unprotected areas of the Caspian Sea (where emergency services were not readily available) and rivers; the victims were males (86.5%), tourists visiting the area (44%), and people under the age of 20 (almost 38%) (6, 7). Interestingly, the estimated number of drowning cases in the study population was much higher than that given by official figures, ranging from 5.26 to 8.25 per 100,000 residents compared to national figure of 4.5 per 100,000 residents (8). In 2005, a drowning prevention program was implemented in the north of Iran as the first community-based intervention project aimed at preventing from drowning in the high risk groups and within more hazardous environments.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Prevention of Drowning by Community-Based Intervention: Implications for Low- and Middle- Income Countries

2012

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BackgroundDrowning is a serious but neglected health problem in low-and middle-income countries.ObjectivesTo describe the effectiveness of drowning prevention program on the reduction of drowning mortality rates in rural settings at the north of Iran, and guide its replication elsewhere.Patients and MethodsThis interventional design included pre- and post-intervention observations in the rural area of the Caspian Sea coastline without a comparison community. Cross-sectional data were collected at pre- and post-intervention phases. Outcome evaluation was based on a four-year period (March 2005-March 2009) utilizing drowning registry data for the north of Iran.ResultsThe implementation program increased the rate of membership in an organization responsible for promoting safety in high risk areas near the Caspian Sea. Compared to a WHO standardized population, drowning incidence in rural areas of the study demonstrated a continuous decrease in age-specific drowning rate among the oldest victims with a gradual decline during the implementation. In the study area, the epidemiological aspects of the study population were exposed and contributing factors were highlighted.ConclusionsThis study showed that the promotion of passive interventions had a greater effect on drowning rate than that of active interventions.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Prevention of Drowning by Community-Based Intervention: Implications for Low- and Middle- Income Countries

2012

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“…Thus, the main potential sources of bias in our study are likely to be data misclassification and confounding. We have demonstrated some shortfalls in the reporting of drowning events, owing to the fact that information on drowning deaths in a number of cases was incomplete or lacking, perhaps at least partially due to misclassification of the cause of death [23]. Under-reporting may also have influenced reliability, despite the fact that data were gathered from multiple reporting systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under-reporting may also have influenced reliability, despite the fact that data were gathered from multiple reporting systems. Additional studies involving the capture-recapture of data may prompt improvements in the injury registry systems for similar study populations [23]. Bias in selection effects refers to differences between intervention and comparison groups in before-after studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a community-based drowning prevention programme in northern Islamic Republic of Iran

Davoudi-Kiakalayeh¹,

Mohammadi²,

Yousefzade-Chabok³

et al. 2013

East Mediterr Health J

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This study evaluated the feasibility of a drowning intervention package in northern Islamic Republic of Iran. A quasi-experimental design used pre-and post-observations among residents and tourists in waterrecreation beach areas of intervention and control regions by the Caspian Sea and in residents near the Caspian Sea coastline. The fatal drowning rate in the studied resident population in the provinces fell from 4.24 per 100 000 residents at baseline to 3.04 per 100 000 residents at endline. The risk of death from drowning in the intervention areas in the water-recreation area was greater during the pre-intervention (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.66-2.01) than the implementation period (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.15-0.37). The risk of drowning can be reduced by implementing increased supervision and raising community awareness.1 Division of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Correspondence to A. Davoudikiakalayeh: davoudikiakalayeh@gmail.com RÉSUMÉ La présente étude a évalué la faisabilité d'un programme d'intervention contre la noyade dans le nord de la République islamique d'Iran. Un plan quasi-expérimental a été utilisé à partir des observations réalisées avant et après l'intervention auprès de résidents et de touristes dans des zones de plages pour les loisirs aquatiques et des régions témoins près de la mer Caspienne ainsi qu'auprès de résidents à proximité du littoral de la mer Caspienne. Le pourcentage de noyades mortelles au sein de la population résidente étudiée dans les provinces est passé de 4,24 pour 100 000 résidents au début de l'étude à 3,04 pour 100 000 résidents à la fin de l'étude. Le risque de décès par noyade dans les zones d'intervention de loisirs aquatiques était plus élevé avant l'intervention (OR = 1,15, IC 95 % : 0,66-2,01) que pendant la mise en oeuvre (OR = 0,24, IC 95 % : 0,15-0,37). Le risque de noyade peut être réduit en renforçant la surveillance et en faisant de la sensibilisation auprès de la communauté.

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“…Male dominance in drowning deaths were shown in many other studies by Kanchan T et al, Chowdhury B L et al, Byard R W et al, Davoudi-Kiakalayeh A et al . [9,10,11,12]ArdeshirSheikhazadi et al (2009) found in their study in Iran that male -female ratio was 6.5:1 among drowning deaths [13].The percentage of drowning deaths where the deceased was a male in various studiesSayed ZAT [14] (75.68%), Chormunge et al [15] (73.53%), Amandeep Singh et al [16] (67.56%), Salachin et al [17] (75.6%), Gross VA et al [18] (90%), Momanchand et al [19] (80.3%), and Srinivasa Reddy P [20] (59.14%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and the minimum numbers of the cases were reported in age group of 81-90 yrs. Considering other references in same field, Prabir et al in their study in 2015 had maximum cases(13cases) of drowning between 11-20 years of age, [21] Manjunath S (2010) in their study at Manipal found that the age group commonly involved in drowning was 11-20 years [22] , Davoudi-Kiakalayeh A et al (2008) in their study in Iran also found that more than one third of the victims were less than 20 years of age [12] . Results of these studies corroborated with our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Medicolegal Examination of Drowning Deaths - A Retrospective Study

2017

IJSR

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India is a vast country having plenty of water bodies' i.e. Rivers, ponds, wells and an extensive sea coast. So drowning is one of the most common causes of death among all manners of death in this country. This was a 2 year retrospective autopsy study of deaths due to drowning cases analyzed and tabulated. Study performed in department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology at KIMS, Hubballi from January 2014 to December 2015. We studied total 23 cases in two years, the maximum drowning cases were of male sex -14(60.86%), with commonest age group being 11-20 years -06 cases(26.08%). Most of the drowning cases were accidental in nature 13(56.52%) and occurred commonly in lakes and rivers 15(62.51%). The most significant postmortem findings noted on autopsy were bleaching of skin 19(82.60%) and presence of water in stomach in 13 cases (56.52%).

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Estimating drowning deaths in Northern Iran using capture–recapture method

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Prevention of Drowning by Community-Based Intervention: Implications for Low- and Middle- Income Countries

Prevention of Drowning by Community-Based Intervention: Implications for Low- and Middle- Income Countries

Evaluation of a community-based drowning prevention programme in northern Islamic Republic of Iran

A Medicolegal Examination of Drowning Deaths - A Retrospective Study

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