Estimating fatty alcohol contributions to the environment from laundry and personal care products using a market forensics approach

Mudge, Stephen M.; DeLeo, Paul C.

doi:10.1039/c3em00418j

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Fatty alcohols represented a range of aliphatic alcohols with chain lengths ranging from C8 to C32 [ 1 ]. Due to their aliphatic character, fatty alcohols find many applications as ingredient of detergents, surfactants, and personal care products [ 2 ]. At present, fatty alcohols are mainly produced from petrochemical sources (synthetic fatty alcohols), or derived from renewable resources such as plant or animal-original fats, oils, and waxes (natural fatty alcohols) [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring fatty alcohol-producing capability of Yarrowia lipolytica

Wang

Xiong

Ghogare‬

et al. 2016

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundFatty alcohols are important oleochemicals widely used in detergents, surfactants and personal care products. Bio-synthesized fatty alcohol provides a promising alternative to traditional fatty alcohol industry. Harnessing oleaginous microorganisms for fatty alcohol production may offer a new strategy to achieve a commercially viable yield that currently still seems to be a remote target.ResultsIn this study, we introduced functional fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR), TaFAR1 to direct the conversion from fatty acyl-CoA to fatty alcohol in Yarrowia lipolytica (Y. lipolytica), an oleaginous non-conventional yeast showing great lipid-producing capability. Tri-module optimizations including eliminating fatty alcohol degradation pathway, enhancing TaFAR1 expression, and increasing fatty acyl-CoA supply were furtherly conducted, resulting in 63-fold increase in intracellular fatty alcohol-producing capability compared to the starting strain. Thus, this work demonstrated successful construction of first generation of Y. lipolytica fatty alcohol-producing cell factory. Through the study of effect of environmental nutrition on fatty alcohol production, up to 636.89 mg/L intracellular hexadecanol (high fatty alcohol-retaining capability) and 53.32 mg/L extracellular hexadecanol were produced by this cell factory through batch fermentation, which was comparable to the highest production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the similar condition.ConclusionThis work preliminarily explored fatty alcohol-producing capability through mobilization of FAR and fatty acid metabolism, maximizing the intracellular fatty alcohol-producing capability, suggesting that Y. lipolytica cell factory potentially offers a promising platform for fatty alcohol production.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-016-0512-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring fatty alcohol-producing capability of Yarrowia lipolytica

Wang

Xiong

Ghogare‬

et al. 2016

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…The application of surfactants in industry increases day by day at a rate of 3%–4% because of its higher physicochemical possessions, low cost, and affluence of development [ 4 ]. Surfactants generally derived from natural fatty acids can be a moral conventional method to synthesize surfactants because of their affluence of manufacturing and good biodegradability [ 5 ]. These surfactants are synthesized by using a sustainable and renewable approach with the help of containing biocompatible functional groups which are mainly degraded after use [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical behavior, antimicrobial activities, and effect of temperature on micellization of imidazolium monomeric surfactants

Sharma¹,

GETAHUN²,

Singh³

et al. 2023

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

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In the present study, we herein report the conductance behavior, effect of temperature, and chain-length of two environmentally friendly imidazolium cationic capric and stearic surfactants. The conductance behavior has been carried out in aqueous solvent (H 2 O) at four different temperatures such as 24 °C, 29 °C, 34 °C, and 39 °C. The normal micelles were formed in an aqueous solvent and critical micelle concentration (CMC) can be estimated through conductivity parameters. The expected dependency of the CMC on the alkyl chain length of the 3-(2-(decanoyloxy)ethyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-bromide and 3-(2-(octadecanoyloxy)ethyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-bromide was demonstrated. It was observed that the graphs of molar conduct activity v/s square root were not linear, which specifies that the synthesized surfactants behave as weak electrolytes in the dilute solutions. The electrochemical characterization of capric and stearic surfactant modified SPCE was studied in 1mM K 3 FeCN 6 solution. The CS/SPCE and SS/SPCE were shown elevated sensitivity, high stability, and excellent conductivity. Moreover, the antimicrobial behaviors of the synthesized imidazolium cationic surfactants versus various microbial strains were evaluated. Results showed that capric surfactant demonstrated high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (MIC > 31.5 μg/mL).

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Biodegradable Cationic and Ionizable Cationic Lipids: A Roadmap for Safer Pharmaceutical Excipients

Jörgensen

Wibel

Bernkop‐Schnürch

2023

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The use of cationic and ionizable cationic lipids in pharmaceutical products, however, is a double-edged sword, as these excipients are of considerable safety concerns. Because of their permanent or pHdependent cationic nature, they perturbate cellular and nuclear membranes, trigger the release of degrading enzymes from lysosomes, cause mitochondrial permeabilization and dysfunction, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), alter cytoplasmatic enzyme functions, and damage DNA. [3] To address this substantial shortcoming of cationic and ionizable cationic lipids, biodegradable alternatives have been introduced that are rapidly degraded in vivo to preferably endogenous metabolites. The design of such lipids is inspired by natural cationic or ionizable cationic compounds like arginine, lysine or betaine that are generally regarded as safe. Their conjugation to endogenous lipids like fatty acids or cholesterol results in amphiphilic lipids. As ester and amide bonds are cleaved in vivo by numerous enzymes such as lipases, esterases, and proteases, they are the preferred linkages between these natural building blocks.Since the FDA approved ethyl Nα-lauroyl-l-arginate as biodegradable food preservative being effective against a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and molds in 2005, [4] the potential use of biodegradable cationic and ionizable cationic lipids as pharmaceutical excipients has been evaluated by numerous research groups. As these excipients exhibit the same properties as their non-biodegradable counterparts but causing relatively low adverse effects, they will likely substitute currently used non-biodegradable lipids in the future. Within this review, we provide an overview on the different types of biodegradable cationic and ionizable cationic lipids, their synthesis and cleavage by endogenous enzymes. Applications in drug delivery systems and as antimicrobial agents are discussed. A guideline on their design and application is provided and an outlook on future developments is given. Building Blocks and Formation of Cationic and Ionizable Cationic LipidsGenerally, biodegradable cationic and ionizable cationic lipids are composed of biocompatible building blocks that are conjugated via a linkage such as an ester or amide bond. [5] Representative building blocks and linkages are depicted in Figure 1. Endogenous enzymes can break these linkages and degrade Cationic and ionizable cationic lipids are broadly applied as auxiliary agents, but their use is associated with adverse effects. If these excipients are rapidly degraded to endogenously occurring metabolites such as amino acids and fatty acids, their toxic potential can be minimized. So far, synthesized and evaluated biodegradable cationic and ionizable cationic lipids already showed promising results in terms of functionality and safety. Within this review, an overview about the different types of such biodegradable lipids, the available building blocks, their synthesis and cleavage by endogenous enzymes is provided. Moreover, ...

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Estimating fatty alcohol contributions to the environment from laundry and personal care products using a market forensics approach

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Exploring fatty alcohol-producing capability of Yarrowia lipolytica

Exploring fatty alcohol-producing capability of Yarrowia lipolytica

Electrochemical behavior, antimicrobial activities, and effect of temperature on micellization of imidazolium monomeric surfactants

Biodegradable Cationic and Ionizable Cationic Lipids: A Roadmap for Safer Pharmaceutical Excipients

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