“…This study seeks to examine the effect of industrialization on the evolution of income per capita in the process of development. Given that the industrial survey which is the basis for our analysis was conducted between 1860 and 1865, the relevant data to capture the short-run and medium-run effects of industrialization on income per capita are provided at the departmental level prior to WWII for the years 1860, 1872, 1886by Combes et al (2011 and Caruana-Galizia (2013). Thus, for the sake of brevity, and equal spacing between those years, the analysis focuses on income per capita in 1860, 1901 and 1930. To assess the effects of industrialization on income per capita in the long-run, the analysis is restricted to the 2001-2005 period (INSEE -Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques).…”
Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.
“…This study seeks to examine the effect of industrialization on the evolution of income per capita in the process of development. Given that the industrial survey which is the basis for our analysis was conducted between 1860 and 1865, the relevant data to capture the short-run and medium-run effects of industrialization on income per capita are provided at the departmental level prior to WWII for the years 1860, 1872, 1886by Combes et al (2011 and Caruana-Galizia (2013). Thus, for the sake of brevity, and equal spacing between those years, the analysis focuses on income per capita in 1860, 1901 and 1930. To assess the effects of industrialization on income per capita in the long-run, the analysis is restricted to the 2001-2005 period (INSEE -Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques).…”
Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.
“…Gender equality may have affected economic growth through various channels, such as the quality of endowments in human capital, the allocation of talent across occupations, and the level of consumption. Figure 2.Scatter plot of the links between GGI and economic performance. Source : Using data from Caruana-Galizia (2013) and Statistique Générale de la France.…”
Section: Gender Equality and Economic Growthmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Number of monetary contributions above 300 francs over land ownership per total number of monetary contributions over land ownership, 1835. Gross value added per capita, in 1860, 1886, 1901. From Caruana-Galizia (2013). GDP per capita.…”
Knowledge of the long relationship between gender equality and economic growth is hampered by the lack of information and resources on the various dimensions of gender equality. This paper is a first attempt to assess the size of the gender gap and investigate its relationship with economic growth from a historical perspective. Exploiting a unique census-based dataset of 86 French counties in the mid-nineteenth century, I construct a historical gender gap index measuring the size of the gap between men and women in three critical areas: economic opportunities, educational attainment, and health. A county comparison allows me to identify the strengths and weaknesses of French counties in closing the gender gap. I find that France can be divided into two main areas, the North and the South. In particular, the Northern counties that have done most to narrow the gap display better economic performance. Boys' and girls' education and family structures appear to be crucial determinants of gender equality. Gender equality is positively and significantly associated with economic performance. Accounting for the multi-dimensions of gender equality is crucial for economic development.
“…The best comparable data comes from Europe. Schulze's (2007) figures for Austria-Hungary show that its coefficient of variation for provincial GDP per capita went from 0.34 in 1870 to 0.3 in 1910. Caruana-Galizia's (2013 figures for France show an increase from 0.29 in 1860 to 0.34 in 1911.…”
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