Particulate mater with 10 μm or less in diameter PM 10 ) is known to have adverse efects on human health and the environment. For countries commited to reducing PM 10 emissions, it is essential to have models that accurately estimate and predict PM 10 concentrations for reporting and monitoring purposes. In this chapter, a broad overview of recent empirical statistical and machine learning techniques for modelling PM 10 is presented. This includes the instrumentation used to measure particulate mater, data preprocessing, the selection of explanatory variables and modelling methods. Key features of some PM 10 prediction models developed in the last 10 years are described, and current work modelling and predicting PM 10 trends in New Zealand a remote country of islands in the South Paciic Ocean are examined. In conclusion, the issues and challenges faced when modelling PM 10 are discussed and suggestions for future avenues of investigation, which could improve the precision of PM 10 prediction and estimation models are presented.