Estimating Historical Exposures to Formaldehyde in a Retrospective Mortality Study

Stewart, Patricia A.; Blair, Aaron; Cubit, D.A.; Bales, Ronald E.; Kaplan, Samuel A.; Ward, John; Gaffey, William R.; O'Berg, Maureen; Walrath, Judy

doi:10.1080/08828032.1986.10390441

Cited by 65 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The average number of jobs held by a subject in the present study was 1.4, in contrast with 5 to 10 in most occupational studies in the United States (14). Because Chinese workers hold fewer jobs than workers in western industrialized countries, the potential for confounding by other hazardous substances is reduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 38%

Indirect Validation of Benzene Exposure Assessment by Association with Benzene Poisoning

Dosemeci¹,

Yin²,

Linet³

et al. 1996

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 38%

Indirect Validation of Benzene Exposure Assessment by Association with Benzene Poisoning

Dosemeci¹,

Yin²,

Linet³

et al. 1996

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Most of these have been in the field of industrial hygiene, whether for use in retrospective epidemiologic studies (Stewart et al, 1986;Rinsky et al, 1987 ) or for the assessment of current exposures. Winn et al ( 1977 ) assessed the utility of industrial hygiene questionnaires in ranking exposures to dust, vapor, and noise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of expert judgment in exposure assessment. Part I. Characterization of personal exposure to benzene

Walker

Evans

MacIntosh

2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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This paper presents the results of the first phase of a study, conducted as an element of the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey ( NHEXAS ) , to demonstrate the use of expert subjective judgment elicitation techniques to characterize the magnitude of and uncertainty in environmental exposure to benzene. In decisions about the value of exposure research or of regulatory controls, the characterization of uncertainty can play an influential role. Classical methods for characterizing uncertainty may be sufficient when adequate amounts of relevant data are available. Frequently, however, data are neither abundant nor directly relevant, making it necessary to rely to varying degrees on subjective judgment. Since the 1950s, methods to elicit and quantify subjective judgments have been explored but have rarely been applied to the field of environmental exposure assessment. In this phase of the project, seven experts in benzene exposure assessment were selected through a peer nomination process, participated in a 2 -day workshop, and were interviewed individually to elicit their judgments about the distributions of residential ambient, residential indoor, and personal air benzene concentrations ( 6 -day integrated average ) experienced by both the non -smoking, non -occupationally exposed target and study populations of the US EPA Region V pilot study. Specifically, each expert was asked to characterize, in probabilistic form, the arithmetic means and the 90th percentiles of these distributions. This paper presents the experts' judgments about the concentrations of benzene encountered by the target population. The experts' judgments about levels of benzene in personal air were demonstrative of patterns observed in the judgments about the other distributions. They were in closest agreement about their predictions of the mean; with one exception, their best estimates of the mean fell within 7 -11 g / m 3 although they exhibited striking differences in the degree of uncertainty expressed. Their estimates of the 90th percentile were more varied with the best estimates ranging from 12 to 26 g / m 3 for all but one expert. However, their predictions of the 90th percentile were far more uncertain. The paper demonstrates that coherent subjective judgments can be elicited from exposure assessment scientists and critically examines the challenges and potential benefits of a subjective judgment approach. The results of the second phase of the project, in which measurements from the NHEXAS field study in Region V are used to calibrate the experts' judgments about the benzene exposures in the study population, will be presented in a second paper.

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“…When exposure data existed, an eight-hour time-weighted average exposure was calculated. When no air samples were available, the current exposure levels were estimated from similar jobs in-the same area (Stewart et al, 1986). …”

Section: Information About Each Plant's History and Operations Was Obmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in the reliability of the exposure estimate were Current sampling data was used to confirm or Historical estimates were then put into a computer file and merged with the job history file (Stewart et a/., 1986). Stewart et a/.…”

Section: Information About Each Plant's History and Operations Was Obmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Exposures to Chemicals at the Rocky Flats Nuclear Weapons Plant: A Pilot Retrospective Exposure Assessment

Robertson

1999

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Estimating Historical Exposures to Formaldehyde in a Retrospective Mortality Study

Cited by 65 publications

References 8 publications

Indirect Validation of Benzene Exposure Assessment by Association with Benzene Poisoning

Indirect Validation of Benzene Exposure Assessment by Association with Benzene Poisoning

Use of expert judgment in exposure assessment. Part I. Characterization of personal exposure to benzene

Historical Exposures to Chemicals at the Rocky Flats Nuclear Weapons Plant: A Pilot Retrospective Exposure Assessment

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