Estimating in situ Stresses

Amadei, Bernard; Stephansson, Ove

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5346-1_2

Rock Stress and Its Measurement 1997

DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-5346-1_2

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Estimating in situ Stresses

Bernard Amadei

Ove Stephansson

Abstract: Several of these different phenomena are discussed in this chapter. The reader should be aware that no agreement has yet been reached with certainty on this matter and that there is still room for discussion. VARIATION OF INSITU STRESSES WITH DEPTH Several authors have proposed expressions for the variation of the magnitude of the vertical and horizontal in situ stresses with depth at specific sites or for different regions of the world. Most data are for depths of less than 3000 m. Examples of stress profiles… Show more

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Determining the transverse isotropic rocks’ static elastic moduli with cylindrical plugs: Shortfalls, challenges, and expected outcomes

Shen

Playter

2021

GEOPHYSICS

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Cylindrical shaped plugs can be tested using a Hoek-Cell like apparatus that allows for efficient and inexpensive measurements of a rock’s static elastic properties. However, when it comes to Transverse Isotropic material, this approach has a natural limitation due to the isotropic radial stresses; particular attention to the boundary conditions and the proper design of pressurization steps is warranted. Typical attempts to constrain the complete set of compliances ( S), using multiple plugs of different orientations, are impeded by the heterogeneity and pressure-dependent elasticities inherent to sedimentary rocks. Through stepwise pressure increases, we can constrain four normal compliances S 11, S 12, S 13, S 33 , describing two Young’s moduli and three Poison’s ratios using a single horizontal plug drilled parallel to the rock’s isotropic plane, contrary to the common assumption that at both horizontal and vertical plugs are needed. The measurement of the shear modulus S 44 needs to be obtained using a plug that is drilled oblique to the isotropic plane; replicating the in-situ stress environment is not possible using this approach. Lastly, the specimen’s anisotropic plane’s geometry is elliptical under isotropic radial stress; this causes a discrepancy between the strain gauge’s contraction and the actual strain. We propose an iterative inversion approach to account for this issue and calculate the exact strains useful for inferring S ij from measurements reported by strain gauges. The example included in this writing shows that without correction, inferred values of S ij may suffer errors of 20%.

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Determining the transverse isotropic rocks’ static elastic moduli with cylindrical plugs: Shortfalls, challenges, and expected outcomes

Shen

Playter

2021

GEOPHYSICS

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Estimating in situ Stresses

Cited by 1 publication

References 161 publications

Determining the transverse isotropic rocks’ static elastic moduli with cylindrical plugs: Shortfalls, challenges, and expected outcomes

Determining the transverse isotropic rocks’ static elastic moduli with cylindrical plugs: Shortfalls, challenges, and expected outcomes

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