Estimating interaction credit for trophic rewilding in tropical forests

Marjakangas, Emma‐Liina; Genes, Luísa; Pires, Mathias M.; Fernandez, Fernando A. S.; Lima, Renato A. F. de; Oliveira, Alexandre Adalardo de; Ovaskainen, Otso; Pires, Alexandra S.; Prado, Paulo Inácio; Galetti, Mauro

doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0435

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For each prediction site and each replicate of predicted community, we calculated the co‐occurrence probability for each seed disperser‐tree pair as the product of their species‐specific occurrence probabilities. Similarly to Marjakangas et al (), we used the ATLANTIC‐FRUGIVORY database (Bello et al, ) to assign all seed disperser‐tree pairs a semi‐quantitative probability of potential for an interaction. The database presents occurrences of fruit consumption events, excluding pulp consumption and seed predation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragmented tropical forests lose mutualistic plant–animal interactions

Marjakangas

Abrego

Grøtan

et al. 2019

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim: Forest fragmentation is among the principal causes of global biodiversity loss, yet how it affects mutualistic interactions between plants and animals at large spatial scale is poorly understood. In particular, tropical forest regeneration depends on animal-mediated seed dispersal, but the seed-dispersing animals face rapid decline due to forest fragmentation and defaunation. Here, we assess how fragmentation influences the pairwise interactions between 407 seed disperser and 1,424 tree species in a highly fragmented biodiversity hotspot.Location: Atlantic Forest, South America. Methods:We predicted interaction networks in 912 sites covering the entire biome by combining verified interaction data with co-occurrence probabilities obtained from a spatially explicit joint species distribution model. We identified keystone seed dispersers by computing a species-specific keystone index and by selecting those species belonging to the top 5% quantile. Results:We show that forest fragmentation affects seed dispersal interactions negatively, and the decreased area of functionally connected forest, rather than increased edge effects, is the main driver behind the loss of interactions. Both the seed disperser availability for the local tree communities and in particular the proportion of interactions provided by keystone seed dispersers decline with increasing degree of fragmentation. Importantly, just 21 keystone species provided >40% of all interactions. The numbers of interactions provided by keystone and non-keystone species, however, were equally negatively affected by fragmentation, suggesting that seed dispersal interactions may not be rewired under strong fragmentation effects. Conclusions:We highlight the importance of understanding the fragmentation-induced compositional shifts in seed disperser communities as they may lead to lagged | 155 MARJAKANGAS et Al.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragmented tropical forests lose mutualistic plant–animal interactions

Marjakangas

Abrego

Grøtan

et al. 2019

Diversity and Distributions

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“…Moreover, we have found that reintroducing four species has stronger network effects due to the increase in indirect pathways that connect all species, which further highlights the importance of reintroducing whole sets of species, as proposed by trophic rewilding and refaunation (Oliveira‐Santos and Fernandez 2010, Svenning et al 2016), in comparison to single‐species reintroductions. In this sense, we hypothesize that frugivore reintroductions in other defaunated areas, where seed dispersal interaction credits are high (Marjakangas et al 2018), would similarly affect community structure and, potentially, dynamics through the addition of such disproportionately important missing links and indirect pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic rewilding benefits a tropical community through direct and indirect network effects

et al. 2021

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Species reintroductions can be used as a conservation strategy to restore ecological interactions and the functionality of impoverished ecosystems. The ecological effects of reintroductions go beyond restoring pairwise interactions, because reintroductions can change how extant species are indirectly linked to each other in an ecological community. These indirect pathways, in turn, may shape a myriad of ecological and evolutionary processes operating in ecological systems. Here, we investigated how reintroductions may affect the direct and indirect pathways connecting species in ecological networks. We modeled the potential effects of the reintroduction of four frugivore species (channel-billed toucans, red-humped agoutis, brown howler monkeys and yellow-footed tortoises) to the local seed dispersal network in an Atlantic Forest site, the Tijuca National Park (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). We used a seed dispersal interaction dataset together with data on species occurrences in Tijuca to build network models. Then, we calculated how network structure and the total amount of indirect effects varied across simulated networks with and without the reintroduced species. Using random reintroduction simulations, we tested if the observed network changes were expected merely from the increase in species richness. The reintroduction of the frugivore species increased network connectance, nestedness, robustness, number of pathways and total amount of indirect effects in all simulated networks. The increase in number of pathways with the addition of the four reintroduced species was greater than the sum of isolated effects for each species, because some interaction pathways contained several reintroduced species. These changes in network metrics were significantly greater than if a randomly chosen set of four species was reintroduced. Furthermore, our results indicate that multiple reintroductions in the same area, known as refaunation, may have an even greater restoration effect than single species reintroductions through increased indirect connections in the network.

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“…The second option is the problem of augmenting of so far existing population. Species for reintroduction are often typically threatened or endangered in the wild nature [37][38][39]. National parkstheir use in the search of genetic resources are known.…”

Section: Notementioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of World Plant Reservations for The Preservation of Crop Germplasm (A Review)

Bláha¹

2019

AAS

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Development of the human population accompanied by current climate change is in contrast to a relatively small spectrum of crops utilized for food. A small basic number of utilized crops are very disadvantageous from the ecological view and security of human food resources. Due to long-term genetic erosion, the increasing similarity of varieties etc., there is a necessity to use the opportunities offered by national parks and other localities, i.e., to search for new genotypes for plant breeding or as a new crop. From a historical view, the beginning of genetic erosion is an old affair, which happened in the Amazon region of South America.

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Estimating interaction credit for trophic rewilding in tropical forests

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Fragmented tropical forests lose mutualistic plant–animal interactions

Fragmented tropical forests lose mutualistic plant–animal interactions

Trophic rewilding benefits a tropical community through direct and indirect network effects

Importance of World Plant Reservations for The Preservation of Crop Germplasm (A Review)

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