Estimating irrigation water demand for green spaces in humid areas: seeking a sustainable water management strategy

Shi, Yan; Yang, Gan; Du, Yuanyuan; Ren, Yuan; Lu, Yujun; Fan, Likun; Chang, Jie; Ge, Ying; Bao, Zhiyi

doi:10.1080/1573062x.2017.1363255

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In recent years, studies have been conducted on water utilization in urban green space irrigation [9,13,14]. However, the heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of the vegetation and soil texture of urban green space makes it difficult to accurately estimate wide-ranging regional green space irrigation water requirement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in the arid metropolitan area of Santiago, the Integrated Hydrological Model at the Residential Scale (IHMORS) hydrological model was used to simulate the irrigation water requirement of green space [13]. In the humid region of the Yangtze River Delta in China, a model was developed to quantify the irrigation water requirement of green space in 16 cities [14]. However, so far, a green space irrigation study that covers major cities in different climate zones across China has yet to be conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Google Earth Map is widely used to estimate urban vegetation coverage [16]. Using the "add polygon ruler" and "show rule" functions in Google Earth Map, Shi et al [14] calculated the coverage ratio of trees/shrubs versus bare grassland, and the area data of urban green space reported in the China Urban Statistical Yearbook were adopted to obtain the areas of different types of green space vegetation [17]. Reyes-Paecke et al [13] utilized high-resolution remote sensing data of land cover to extract the extent of green space and subsequently categorized urban green space into various types on the basis of their functional distinctions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating Urban Green Space Irrigation for 286 Cities in China: Implications for Urban Land Use and Water Management

2023

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Urban green space has increased significantly in many cities in China as a result of rapid urbanization. Despite various environmental and societal benefits of urban green space, its irrigation water use has become an important yet under-researched issue in urban water management. Using a newly developed green space evapotranspiration and soil water budgeting model coded in Python, this research estimated the irrigation water requirement of urban green space for 286 cities at the prefecture level and above in China, with daily meteorological data in 1986–2011, the distribution and areas of urban green space from the 30 m resolution “Essential Urban Land-Use Categories in China” database, and green space types from the 10 m resolution “10 m resolution global land cover” database. The estimated annual average irrigation water requirement of urban green space for these 286 cities was 8.7 billion m3, accounting for over 20% of residential water consumption in the cities where data on residential water use were available. We also investigated the spatiotemporal variation of urban green space irrigation water requirement and the factors that influence such variations. To the best of our knowledge, this study develops the first set of results of urban green space irrigation for all major cities in China, thus providing useful insights for green space irrigation and urban water man-agement in the context of rapid urbanization and sustainable water management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating Urban Green Space Irrigation for 286 Cities in China: Implications for Urban Land Use and Water Management

2023

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“…For wastewater reuse, greywater, which excludes the Water 2021, 13, 1860 2 of 18 wastewater from toilets, is mainly part of research studies using VGS for treatment [15][16][17][18]. Shi et al [19] recommend the use of rainwater instead of potable water to cover green space water demand. Depending on the scale, rainwater harvesting can include only the roof area as well as the road run-off for bigger applications [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainwater Use for Vertical Greenery Systems: Development of a Conceptual Model for a Better Understanding of Processes and Influencing Factors

Prenner

Pucher

Zluwa

et al. 2021

Water

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Vertical greenery systems (VGS) are promoted as a nature-based solution to mitigate the urban heat island effect. In order to ensure the long-term provision of this function, sufficiently available irrigation water is the key element. Currently, potable water is one of the main resources for irrigation of VGS. While rainwater is often mentioned as an alternative, only a few studies investigate the actual application of rainwater for irrigation. In this study a conceptual model is developed to present the processes and influencing factors for a holistic investigation of rainwater use for irrigation. In this model, five sub-modules are identified: the atmospheric, hydraulic, quality, rainwater harvesting and VGS sub-module. The conceptual model depicts which processes and influencing factors are involved in the water demand of VGS. Thus, the conceptual model supports a holistic understanding of the interrelations between the identified sub-modules and their relevance for VGS irrigation with harvested rainwater. The results of this study support the implementation of rainwater harvesting as a sustainable resource for VGS irrigation.

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“…However, turfgrass is often the chosen vegetation for greening extensive areas in many urban parks, due to both aesthetic reasons and practical purposes, despite its high water demand [12]. Additionally, green spaces in the cities usually include trees and shrubs, both requiring less water than the turfgrass [12,13]. The shades provided by the trees also contribute for lowering the water requirements of the green space, by reducing the evapotranspiration of the vegetation around them [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and Energy Efficiency Assessment in Urban Green Spaces

2021

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Urban green spaces can be intensive water and energy consumers in the cities, particularly in water scarce regions. Though a very efficient use of such resources is necessary, tools for assessing both water and energy consumption and efficiency are not available. In this paper, a new methodology based on water and energy balances is developed for assessing the water-use and energy efficiency in urban green spaces. The proposed balances, adapted from those developed for water supply systems, are specifically tailored for accounting for urban green spaces specificities, namely, landscape water requirements, other uses besides irrigation and over irrigation water losses. The methodology is demonstrated in two case studies of different nature and characteristics: a modern garden with a smart irrigation system and an urban park with traditional irrigation system. The results show that the developed water balances allow to estimate and assess the irrigation efficiency over the years and to assess the effectiveness of implemented water saving measures. The application of the water–energy balance demonstrates the impact of water efficiency measures on the energy efficiency of the irrigation systems. The proposed methodology can be used to assess water and water–energy efficiency in urban green spaces and to identify the most adequate improvement measures, contributing for a better management of the two resources in the cities.

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Estimating irrigation water demand for green spaces in humid areas: seeking a sustainable water management strategy

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Estimating Urban Green Space Irrigation for 286 Cities in China: Implications for Urban Land Use and Water Management

Estimating Urban Green Space Irrigation for 286 Cities in China: Implications for Urban Land Use and Water Management

Rainwater Use for Vertical Greenery Systems: Development of a Conceptual Model for a Better Understanding of Processes and Influencing Factors

Water and Energy Efficiency Assessment in Urban Green Spaces

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