: Recently, planetary investigations have accumulated basic data through various aerospace explorations. However, the investigations of underground such as moonquakes, heat, and conditions of the soil have not revealed much. Therefore, the authors have developed a novel, small planetary subsurface excavation robot that uses the peristaltic crawling of an earthworm as its underground propulsion method. In this study, the authors focused on two types of geotechnical tests: pressure meter and shearing tests using the excavation robot. These tests were conducted by measuring displacement and force in the radial and vertical directions inside the soil, using the excavation robot's own hardware system. This paper describes these geotechnical tests, which used the propulsion unit of the robot and measured the soil parameters, e.g., internal friction angle, adhesibility, and elastic constant. From the experiments, the authors evaluated and discussed results by comparing with reference data. The authors confirmed that the propulsion unit could measure the soil parameters and propel itself underground at the same time.