Estimating nutrient uptake requirements for rice in China

Abstract

a b s t r a c tAccurate knowledge of the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) requirements for rice (Oryza sativa L.) in China is essential to quantitatively estimate optimal fertilizer application regimes to maximize crop yield and increase nutrient use efficiency. On-farm experiments were collected in China's major riceproducing regions from 2000 to 2013, to determine the relationship between grain yield and nutrient uptake in the above-ground plant dry matter using the quantitative evaluation of the fertility of tropical soils (QUEFTS) model. The large datasets obtained which covered broader rice growing areas and ecology types (both indica and japonica) in China. The dataset was divided into two groups: single-season rice and early/middle/late rice, according to QUEFTS analysis. The QUEFTS model predicted a linear increase in grain yield if nutrients were taken up in balanced amounts until yield reached about 60-70% of yield potential. To produce 1000 kg of single-season rice grain, 14.8 kg N, 3.8 kg P, and 15.0 kg K were required in the above-ground plant dry matter, and the corresponding internal efficiencies (IEs) were 67.6 kg grain per kg N, 263.2 kg grain per kg P, and 66.7 kg grain per kg K. For early/middle/late rice, the amount of 17.1 kg N, 3.4 kg P, and 18.4 kg K were required in the above-ground plant dry matter to produce 1000 kg of grain, and corresponding IEs were 58.5 kg grain per kg N, 294.1 kg grain per kg P, and 54.3 kg grain per kg K. The QUEFTS model provides a scientific foundation for filtering high-yielding and high-efficiency variety, optimizing fertilizer application rate and developing nutrient management strategies to increase yield and nutrient use efficiency. This is the first report on comparison of the nutrient uptake of different ecology types in rice production area of China using QUEFTS model and test their feasibility through field validation.

Macronutrient Uptake and Removal by Upland Rice Cultivars with Different Plant Architecture

“…In addition, the Maravilha cultivar required less K, Ca, Mg and S to produce 1.0 Mg of grains, showing values of 51, 26, 9.5, and 9.8 kg, respectively. In China, a study showed that to produce 1.0 Mg of grain, the rice crop requirements of N, P, and K were on average 18.5, 3.9 and 21.5 kg, respectively (Xu et al, 2015), i.e., values lower than those of this study (Table 1). …”

Integrated crop management practices for maximizing grain yield of double-season rice crop

“…summation of grain yield during both early and late seasons) is higher than the single-season rice121517. Wu et al .…”

“…Using data from on-farm experiments conducted in China’s major rice-producing regions from 2000 to 2013, Xu et al . reported average grain yields of 6.5, 8.0, and 6.9 t ha −1 for the early-, middle-, and late-season rice, respectively17. Under the best crop management treatment, Qin et al .…”

“…Grain yield of single-season rice crop is higher than that of double-season rice crop17. Within the double-season rice cropping system, the early-season rice has lower grain yield than the late-season rice1215.…”

Effects of Bacillus salmalaya Strain 139SI Inoculation on Yield and Nutrients Uptake of Oil Palm

“…As a comparison, a hectare of wheat required nutrient inputs of N, P, and K at 100 to 120, 60 to 75 and 50 to 60 kg/year, respectively (Khalid et al, 2004;Rana et al, 2012). While rice needed 100 to 180 kg/year of N, 50 to 100 kg/year of P and 60 to 120 kg/year of K for every hectare (Sagarika et al, 2015;Xu et al, 2015;Hoseinzade et al, 2016). These huge amounts of fertilizer are needed by oil palm to replace the nutrients that are removed continuously through the harvested fresh fruit bunch (FFB).…”