Estimating of shipping emissions in the Samsun Port from 2010 to 2015

Alver, Fatih; Saraç, Betül; Şahin, Ülkü Alver

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2018.02.003

Cited by 58 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Yalova pier is affected by the ship emissions from Yalova-Topçular port located about 5 km away ( Figure S1, see Supplementary S1). The shipping emissions at ports and the size of the shipping vessels are crucial factors to air pollutant emissions [2,19,43]. Furthermore, during loading and unloading operations of car ferry, the emission concentration at the piers increases [44].…”

Section: Concentration At the Piermentioning

confidence: 99%

Commuter Exposure to Black Carbon, Fine Particulate Matter and Particle Number Concentration in Ferry and at the Pier in Istanbul

et al. 2019

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This paper presents measurements and analyses of the concentrations of black carbon (BC), particle number concentration (PNC), and PM 2.5 (≤2.5 µm) while commuting by ferries in Istanbul. In this context, exposures to the mentioned pollutants were estimated for car ferry, fast ferry, and at the piers, and for two travel routes, for a total of 89 trips. BC, PNC, and PM 2.5 measurements were simultaneously performed in a ferry and at the piers, and the correlation between pollutant concentrations, meteorological parameters, and environmental factors were analyzed. The mean concentrations for all pollutants in car ferry were lower than the average concentrations in fast ferry. The concentration ratios of fast ferry to car ferry for BC, PNC, and PM 2.5 were 6.4, 1.2, and 1.3, respectively. High variability in the concentrations was observed at the piers and in ferry during berthing. The highest mean concentrations (±standard deviation) of BC (14.3 ± 10.1 µg m −3 ) and PNC (42,005 ± 30,899 pt cm −3 ) were measured at Yalova pier. The highest mean concentration (±standard deviation) of PM 2.5 (26.1 ± 11.5) was measured at Bostancı pier. It was observed that the main external sources of BC, PNC, and PM 2.5 at the piers were road transport, residential heating, and shipping activity. There were no significant correlations between BC, PNC, and PM 2.5 in fast ferry, while BC was positively correlated with PNC (r = 0.61, p < 0.01) and PM 2.5 (r = 0.76, p < 0.01) in car ferry. At the piers, significant relations between pollutants and meteorological variables were observed. It was noticed that there was no significant difference between summer and winter in ferry and at the pier concentrations of BC, PNC, and PM 2.5 except for Yenikapı pier and Bakırköy pier. The highest total exposure to PNC and PM 2.5 was in car ferry mode, while the highest total exposure to BC was in fast ferry mode.Atmosphere 2019, 10, 439 2 of 16 no sufficient data nor detailed information available on commuter exposure in ferry and at the piers. Most of marine air quality studies are about the determination of emissions from ships. Only a few studies were conducted in ferry. Lau and Chan [4] investigated the volatile organic compound VOC levels in ferry, road transport, and railway, and they revealed that the exposure levels in ferry were the lowest. Chan et al. [5] collected PM 10 samples in ferry in Hong Kong, they found PM 10 levels in ferries were higher than the air-conditioned roadway transport.Particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 0.1 µm are defined as ultrafine particles (UFP) [6]. UFP contribute to 90% of particle number concentration (PNC) in urban areas and the major source of UFP is combustion engines [7,8]. Due to the small size of the UFP, it easily causes adverse effects on respiratory and cardiovascular systems [9]. Black carbon (BC), a component of fine particle (PM 2.5 ) [10], causes respiratory diseases including lung cancer [11], and is also considered as the second most major pollutant affecting climate change after ...

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Section: Concentration At the Piermentioning

confidence: 99%

Commuter Exposure to Black Carbon, Fine Particulate Matter and Particle Number Concentration in Ferry and at the Pier in Istanbul

et al. 2019

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“…Many studies indicated that emission from ships contribute to environmental pollution not only of harbours but also of inland areas [5]. The concentrations of PM2.5 could reach up to 2.9-45.0% due to ship emissions [12].…”

Section: Contribution Of Ship Emission To Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing particle contributions of ship exhaust gases to the atmosphere in port cities (Review)

Hai¹,

Hien²,

Gribinichenko³

et al. 2019

ВИШ ДВФУ

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The potential health and environmental implications associated with the exhaust gases of marine engines have led to significant recent research activities. Although knowledge of the characteristics of emissions from marine engines has improved considerably due to an ever-growing interest in the scientific community, there is still lack of the aggregate assessment to fully understand about aspects of the emissions from ships. This review summarizes the existing knowledge of emission from ships, highlights problems relating to particle emission such as particle emission factors, chemical compositions, particle distribution, factors affecting particle emissions, the contribution of ship emission to the environment, as well as the impact of ship emission on air quality, ecosystems, and human health. Additionally, this article also mentions emission regulations, study methods and evaluation of exhaust emissions and method reducing emission from the ship

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“…Siendo el motor principal el responsable de generar la energía que se transformará en la fuerza de empuje y el motor auxiliar para los diferentes servicios de la tripulación. Además, muchas embarcaciones cuentan con sistemas de calderas para dar soporte a los mencionados servicios, donde las emisiones de estas, son las menos significativas y dependen en gran medida de su tamaño y el alcance de su uso (Alver, Ayhan, & Alver, 2018;Styhre, Winnes, Black, Lee, & Le-griffin, 2017;).…”

Section: Marco Teóricounclassified

“…De acuerdo a su capacidad y estructura, entre otros enfoques, se puede hacer una clasificación de las embarcaciones. En general, en los estudios de estimación de emisiones se suelen clasificar en siete categorías principales: i) granelero; ii) contenedor; iii) carga general; iv) pasajero; v) carga Ro-Ro; vi) cisterna; y vii) otros (Alver et al, 2018).…”

Section: Marco Teóricounclassified

Estimación De Las Emisiones Atmosfericas De Buques En El Puerto De Barranquilla [Not available in English]

Agudelo-Castañeda

Prieto

2019

2019 Congreso Colombiano Y Conferencia Internacional De Calidad De Aire Y Salud Pública (CASP)

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Estimating of shipping emissions in the Samsun Port from 2010 to 2015

Cited by 58 publications

References 31 publications

Commuter Exposure to Black Carbon, Fine Particulate Matter and Particle Number Concentration in Ferry and at the Pier in Istanbul

Commuter Exposure to Black Carbon, Fine Particulate Matter and Particle Number Concentration in Ferry and at the Pier in Istanbul

Assessing particle contributions of ship exhaust gases to the atmosphere in port cities (Review)

Estimación De Las Emisiones Atmosfericas De Buques En El Puerto De Barranquilla [Not available in English]

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