Estimating Plant‐Available Nitrogen Release from Manures, Composts, and Specialty Products

Gale, Eric S.; Sullivan, Dan M.; Cogger, Craig; Bary, Andy I.; Hemphill, Delbert D.; Myhre, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.2134/jeq2006.0062

Cited by 186 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These warmer winter temperatures probably increased N immobilization (Nicolardot et al 1994) and in turn, decreased overwinter net N mineralized in every treatment from fall 2002 to spring 2003 (Table 5). Immobilization after organic N sources were applied then incorporated have been reported by others (Stenger et al 1996;Gutser et al 2005;Gale et al 2006). Why abnormally warm winter temperatures should increase microbial immobilization more than mineralization is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Numerous methods have been developed to measure N mineralization in the laboratory (e.g., Chae and Tabatabai 1986;Shi et al 2004;Agehara and Warncke 2005;Gale et al 2006) and the field (e.g., Eghball 2000; Khanna and Raison 2013). Of the field methods, the buried bag technique of Lentz and Lehrsch (2012a), as adapted from Eno (1960), gives representative estimates of in situ net N mineralized for the region's irrigated soils (Westermann and Crothers 1980;Meek et al 1994;Lentz et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winter and growing season nitrogen mineralization from fall-applied composted or stockpiled solid dairy manure

Lehrsch

Brown

Lentz

et al. 2016

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Adequate characterization of nitrogen (N) mineralization with time from manure and other organic sources is needed to maximize manure N use efficiency, decrease producer costs, and protect groundwater quality. The objective of our 2-year field study at Parma, ID, was to quantify in situ N mineralization with time as affected by a one-time fall application of solid dairy manure, either composted or stockpiled. The experiment included five treatments: a non-N fertilized control, two first-year rates of stockpiled solid dairy manure (21.9 and 43.8 Mg ha -1 , dry wt.) and two rates (53.1 and 106.1 Mg ha -1 , dry wt.) of composted dairy manure (hereafter termed compost). Net N mineralized (mineralization less immobilization) was determined to a depth of 0.3 m by repeatedly measuring soil inorganic N (NH 4 -N ? NO 3 -N) concentrations in buried polyethylene bags. Overwinter mineralization was measured between amendment incorporation in fall and sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) planting the following spring. In-season mineralization was measured in situ for seven consecutive incubation periods during the c. 220-day growing season for furrow-irrigated sugarbeet. Net N mineralized often varied among amendments and from year to year through mid-season, likely due to seasonal variation in soil temperature, annual differences in amendment properties, and other factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter and growing season nitrogen mineralization from fall-applied composted or stockpiled solid dairy manure

Lehrsch

Brown

Lentz

et al. 2016

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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“…In temperate climates, yield benefits from organic amendments are typically greater when applied in the spring compared to fall or winter (Zebarth et al, 1996;Jackson and Smith, 1997); moreover, soil incorporation or tillage method following organic amendment can influence N mineralization potential and crop yield (El-Haris et al, 1983). Lastly, the physical and decomposition state of the organic amendment (e.g., fresh liquid, fresh solid, or composted solid) will likely influence the timing of nutrient availability and subsequent crop yield (Gale et al, 2006), but these effects could not be tested here.…”

Section: Other Potentially Important Factors Not Assessedmentioning

confidence: 99%

First‐Season Crop Yield Response to Organic Soil Amendments: A Meta‐Analysis

et al. 2017

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Core Ideas Organic amendments are promoted as sustainable alternatives to synthetic fertilizer. Crop yield increased by an average of 43% in the first season after organic soil amendment. Yield benefit from organic amendments was greater in leafy crops than root crops. Poultry manure was commonly used and provided the greatest agronomic benefit. Yield benefit of organic amendment was lower in arid regions with poor soil quality. Organic soil amendments are increasingly promoted as a sustainable alternative to synthetic fertilizers and as a tool for building soil quality through improved chemical, physical, and biological properties. However, short‐term yield response to organic amendments is highly variable. A meta‐analysis of 53 studies was conducted to (i) develop a global estimate of first‐season crop yield response to organic amendments, and (ii) determine the effect of crop type, amendment characteristics, soil properties, cultural practices, and climate on the magnitude of this yield response. Yield response ratios were calculated (organic amendment yield compared to a non‐fertilized control) and differences among groups were determined using 95% bootstrap confidence intervals (CI). Across all studies, crop yield increased 43±7% (95% CI) in the first‐season after an organic amendment. Yield response was greatest for leafy crops (71±26% increase) and lowest for root/tuber/bulb crops (29±10% increase). Poultry manure/compost was the most commonly used amendment and provided a yield increase of 76±21%. In contrast, plant‐based amendments increased yield by only 27±9%. Amendment application rate alone was not an effective predictor of yield response, and there were not enough studies available to explore the possible interaction between amendment type and rate. Yield benefits of organic amendments were muted in soils with high organic matter and in arid climates. These results help identify options for maximizing the agronomic value of organic amendments, and suggest research is needed to improve agronomic efficiency of amendments in arid regions with poor soil quality.

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“…Solid dairy manure was used in ME-2012, ME-2013, and VT-2013, and composted solid dairy manure was used in VT-2012. Estimated available N for dairy manure was calculated as 25% of the total organic N [27] and 40-50% of the total inorganic N [28,29] with a limit of 11.2 kg inorganic N ha −1 assuming anything greater was lost over the winter. This limit was based on prior organic winter wheat research conducted over four site-years where the difference in crop N uptake in the early spring at tillering between the pre-plant dairy manure treatment and a no-N check was on average only 7 kg ha −1 and never exceeded 10 kg ha −1 at any individual site-year.…”

Section: Study Site and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Split Nitrogen Applications and In-Season Tests for Organic Winter Bread Wheat

Roche

Mallory

Darby

2017

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Achieving high grain yields and crude protein (CP) standards in organic winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is challenging because ensuring that adequate nitrogen (N) is available at key periods of wheat growth is difficult in organic systems. Split application regimes and in-season N management tests may improve organic production. In field trials conducted over four site-years in Maine and Vermont, USA, N application regimes were analyzed for their effects on organic winter wheat, N uptake, grain yield, and CP. Tiller density and tissue N tests were evaluated as in-season decision tools. Eight treatments arranged in a non-factorial design differed in terms of N application timing (pre-plant (PP), topdress at tillering (T1), and topdress at pre-stem extension (T2)) and N rate. Treatments were: (1) an untreated check, (2) pre-plant N at a low rate of 78 kg N ha −1 (PP L ), (3) pre-plant N at a high rate of 117 or 157 kg N ha −1 (PP H ), (4) T1 78 , (5) PP L + T1 39 , (6) PP L + T2 39 , (7) PP H + T2 39 , and (8) PP L + T1 39 +T2 39 . Responses to N treatments were variable among site-years, however some common results were identified. The PP-only treatments increased grain yields more than they increased CP. The T1 78 and PP H + T2 39 treatments were the most effective at increasing yield and CP, compared with the PP-only treatments. Tiller density and tissue N tests were good predictors of grain yield (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) and CP (r = 0.75, p < 0.001) respectively.Future work should test in-season decision tools using a wider range of tiller densities, and topdress N rates against tissue N measurements.

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Estimating Plant‐Available Nitrogen Release from Manures, Composts, and Specialty Products

Cited by 186 publications

References 25 publications

Winter and growing season nitrogen mineralization from fall-applied composted or stockpiled solid dairy manure

Winter and growing season nitrogen mineralization from fall-applied composted or stockpiled solid dairy manure

First‐Season Crop Yield Response to Organic Soil Amendments: A Meta‐Analysis

Evaluating Split Nitrogen Applications and In-Season Tests for Organic Winter Bread Wheat

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