Estimating pressure and volume velocity in the ear canal for insert headphones

Hiipakka, Marko

doi:10.1109/icassp.2011.5946397

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The first graph (upper left) shows the results previously reported in [8]. The results shown here do not differ notably from the results shown in [8], which bolsters the applicability of the method with different individuals.…”

Section: Estimation Vs Measurementssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The validation of the results were made by comparing the estimated frequency responses to those measured with a probe microphone at the eardrums of the test subjects. The results from measurements and estimations of eardrum pressure with five additional test subjects of [8] , which were not included in the original paper, are presented here. The first graph (upper left) shows the results previously reported in [8].…”

Section: Estimation Vs Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results from measurements and estimations of eardrum pressure with five additional test subjects of [8] , which were not included in the original paper, are presented here. The first graph (upper left) shows the results previously reported in [8]. The results shown here do not differ notably from the results shown in [8], which bolsters the applicability of the method with different individuals.…”

Section: Estimation Vs Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the method that uses long tubes with varying cross-sectional diameter, the back reflection from the open end of the tubes is removed by temporal windowing of the impulse response obtained with the miniature microphone (or the PU sensor as in [8] and [9]). Hence, the windowing removes the effects of standing waves in the tubes.…”

Section: Obtaining Thévenin and Norton Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Individual in-situ calibration of insert headphones

Hiipakka¹

2013

Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics

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Section: Estimation Vs Measurementssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Estimation Vs Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimation Vs Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Obtaining Thévenin and Norton Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual in-situ calibration of insert headphones

Hiipakka¹

2013

Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics

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“…Another method utilizes measurements of both the sound pressure and the velocity. Hiipakka et al proposed an accurate method, which estimates the pressure at the eardrum from measurements performed at the ear canal entrance [5], [6]. The method, however, requires an extra-small sound-velocity probe in addition to the normal sound pressure probe, which thus increases the complexity and cost of the headset.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time adaptive equalization for headphone listening

Liski

Välimäki

Vesa

et al. 2017

2017 25th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)

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Abstract-The experienced sound quality produced by headphones varies between individuals. Especially with insert headphones a constant equalization may not work properly, when a specific perceived frequency response is desired. Instead, adaptive individualized equalization can be used. Previously this required multiple sensors in a headphone earpiece. This paper proposes a signal processing algorithm for continuous on-line equalization of a headset with a single microphone. The magnitude response of the headphones is estimated using arbitrary reproduced sounds. Then, the headphone response is equalized to a user-selected target response with a graphical equalizer. Measurements show that the proposed algorithm produces accurate estimates with different sound materials and the equalization produces results that closely match the target response. The algorithm can be implemented for multiple applications to obtain accurate and quick personalization, since the target response can be set arbitrarily.

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Estimating head-related transfer functions of human subjects from pressure–velocity measurements

Hiipakka

Kinnari

Pulkki

2012

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Direct measurements of individual head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) with a probe microphone at the eardrum are unpleasant, risky, and unreliable and therefore have not been widely used. Instead, the HRTFs are commonly measured from the blocked ear canal entrance, which excludes the effects of the individual ear canals and eardrums. This paper presents a method that allows obtaining individually correct magnitude frequency responses of HRTFs at the eardrum from pressure-velocity (PU) measurements at the ear canal entrance with a miniature PU sensor. The HRTFs of 25 test subjects with nine directions of sound incidence were estimated using real anechoic measurements and an energy-based estimation method. To validate the approach, measurements were also conducted with probe microphones near the eardrums as well as at blocked ear canal entrances. Comparisons between the different methods show that the method presented is a valid and reliable technique for obtaining magnitude frequency responses of HRTFs. The HRTF filters designed using the PU measurements are also shown to yield more correct frequency responses at the eardrum than the filters designed using measurements from the blocked ear canal entrance.

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Estimating pressure and volume velocity in the ear canal for insert headphones

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Individual in-situ calibration of insert headphones

Individual in-situ calibration of insert headphones

Real-time adaptive equalization for headphone listening

Estimating head-related transfer functions of human subjects from pressure–velocity measurements

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