Estimating prevalence of endometritis in smallholder zero-grazed dairy cows in Rwanda

Nyabinwa, Pascal; Kashongwe, Olivier Basole; Habimana, Jean Paul; Hirwa, Claire d’Andre; Bebe, Bockline Omedo

doi:10.1007/s11250-020-02337-z

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…However, other countries have reported higher cumulative incidence, ranging from 20 to 40% [ 23 – 27 ]. The cumulative incidence of endometritis in the present study is lower than previous reports from other countries, such as 27% in the UK [ 28 ] and 67.2% in Rwanda [ 29 ]. These differences in cumulative incidence may be attributed to various factors, including herd management, healthcare practices, breed compositions, environmental conditions, or diagnostic methods.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Incidence of uterine infections, major bacteria and antimicrobial resistance in postpartum dairy cows in southern Ethiopia

Mekibib,

Belachew,

Asrade

et al. 2024

BMC Microbiol

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Background Uterine infections, primarily caused by bacterial pathogens, pose a significant problem for dairy farmers worldwide, leading to poor reproductive performance and economic losses. However, the bacteria responsible for uterine infections have not been adequately studied, nor has the antibiotic susceptibility of the causative bacteria been frequently tested in Ethiopia. This study aims to estimate the cumulative incidence of uterine infections in postpartum dairy cows, identify bacterial causes and determine antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolated bacteria. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted in which 236 cows from 74 dairy farms were monitored biweekly from calving to 90 days postpartum for metritis, endometritis and other disorders. Aseptic uterine swab samples were collected from 40 cows with uterine infections. The samples were cultured, and the isolated bacteria were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method. Results Out of 236 cows monitored during the postpartum phase, 45 (19.1%) were found to have contracted uterine infection. The cumulative incidence of metritis was 11.4% (n = 27), while the cumulative incidence of endometritis was 7.6% (n = 18). Of the 40 cultured swab samples, 29 (72.5%) had one or more bacteria isolated. The most commonly isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (45%), coagulase-positive staphylococci (30%), and Klebsiella spp. (22.5%). Other bacterial spp, including Arcanobacterium pyogenes (12.5%), Fusobacterium spp. (12.5%), Enterobacter aerogenes (12.5%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (12.5%), Streptococcus spp. (7.5%), Salmonella spp, (5%) Proteus spp (5%) and Pasteurella spp (2.5%) were also isolated. All of the isolated bacteria demonstrated resistance to at least one of the antimicrobials tested. Multidrug resistance was observed in E. coli, Klebsiella spp., A. pyogenes, and Fusobacterium spp. Gentamicin was found to be the most effective antimicrobial against all bacteria tested, while tetracycline was the least effective of all. Conclusion The study found that a significant proportion of cows in the population were affected by uterine infections and the isolated bacteria developed resistance to several antimicrobials. The study emphasizes the need for responsible use of antimicrobials to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. It also highlights the importance of raising awareness among dairy farmers to avoid the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and its consequences.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Incidence of uterine infections, major bacteria and antimicrobial resistance in postpartum dairy cows in southern Ethiopia

Mekibib,

Belachew,

Asrade

et al. 2024

BMC Microbiol

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“…The prevalence of CE varies from 9.6% [20] to 28% [21] and 67.2% [22]. However, when it comes to SE, it is difficult to compare the prevalence among studies, as it depends on the day of diagnosis after calving, the technique used to perform the endometrial cytology (cytobrush or uterine infusion), as well as the cut-off point of the percentage of PMN (%PMN), and the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Postpartum Metabolic Status and Subclinical Endometritis in Dairy Cattle

Yáñez

Herradón

González

et al. 2022

Animals

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The aim of this study was to verify the importance of postpartum serum levels of certain metabolic markers as risk factors for subclinical endometritis (SE). Ninety-four Holstein cows were included in the study, and examinations were carried out between 30–45 days postpartum. Rectal palpation, vaginoscopy, transrectal ultrasound, endometrial cytology, and blood sample collections were performed. The percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (%PMN) on the endometrium was evaluated, as well as serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, hepatic enzymes, urea, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and β-hydroxybutyrate acid (BHBA). Samples with ≥8% PMN were classified as positive to subclinical endometritis. According to the serum levels of BHBA, cows were classified as clinical ketosis (>2.6 mmol/L), subclinical ketosis (1.2–2.6 mmol/L), and healthy (<1.2 mmol/L). Additionally, body condition score, parity, date of last labor, peripartum issues, insemination date, date of pregnancy diagnosis and milk production information were collected. Data were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis. The results showed that as serum levels of BHBA rose, also did the %PMN, so that up to 60% of cows with clinical ketosis suffered from SE. On the other hand, the %PMN fell as serum levels of urea and albumin increased. Consequently, good postpartum management practices and early detection of metabolic alterations are necessary measures to control predisposing factors and reduce the incidence of SE.

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“…The incidence risks of metritis and clinical endometritis in this study were 25% and 29.4%, respectively (Vallejo-Timaran et al 2021). The prevalence of clinical endometritis varies from 9.6% (Dubuc 2010) to 28% (Ernstberger et al 2019) and 67.2% (Nyabinwa et al 2020). The prevalence of subclinical endometritis may reach 34% during the first 7 days after calving (Quintela et al 2017).…”

Section: Uterine Diseases In Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-like receptors (TLR-2 and TLR-4): putative role in the uterine inflammatory response in cows – A mini review

Rana,

Firdous,

Bhat

et al. 2024

Appl. Vet. Res.

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Metritis and endometritis are the most prevalent uterine inflammatory diseases in bovines and cause infertility and high economic loss to farmers. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the mechanism of pathology, immune response and therapeutics associated with these diseases. This review focuses mainly on the immune system present in the uterus and on the involvement of Toll-like receptors. This study aimed to provide a deep understanding of the structure, function and expression pathways of Toll-like receptors (TLR-2 and TLR-4) in the treatment of pathogenic microorganisms invading the uterus and their significance in inflammatory conditions such as metritis and clinical and subclinical endometritis. The genetic associations of TLRs with diseases and some therapeutic interventions are also briefly discussed. As such, TLRs-2 and 4 play a critical role in providing a uterine defense mechanism against foreign substances (embryos, sperm, and pathogenic bacteria). In the present era, the use of TLR agonists is being unfurled for treatment, and further exploration and study of this topic in the future are needed.

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Estimating prevalence of endometritis in smallholder zero-grazed dairy cows in Rwanda

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Incidence of uterine infections, major bacteria and antimicrobial resistance in postpartum dairy cows in southern Ethiopia

Incidence of uterine infections, major bacteria and antimicrobial resistance in postpartum dairy cows in southern Ethiopia

Relationship between Postpartum Metabolic Status and Subclinical Endometritis in Dairy Cattle

Toll-like receptors (TLR-2 and TLR-4): putative role in the uterine inflammatory response in cows – A mini review

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