Estimating Price and Service Elasticity of Urban Transportation Demand with Stated Preference Technique: Case in Korea

Abstract

Price and service elasticities of passenger car travel are estimated using stated preference and sample enumeration methodology. Moreover, the effects of hypothetical travel demand management policies are analyzed by changes on modal share using the elasticity estimates. The elasticity of passenger car travel with fuel price is estimated to be within the range of −0.078 to −0.171. The parameter estimate of the fare variable is estimated to be statistically insignificant in every subgroup of car users. This finding suggests that fare policies are relatively ineffective for increasing transit modal shares in Korea. Meanwhile, car users' responsiveness to changes in parking costs is estimated to be much higher than for fuel cost. This suggests that parking regulations or pricing policies may be effective in reducing travel by passenger car. The elasticity with in-vehicle time, which is a key attribute of public transport amenities, is estimated to be particularly high, implying that policy measures such as introducing express buses or express urban trains could be effective in reducing passenger car travel. The demand elasticity of service levels of mass transit represented by the degree-of-crowdedness proxy turns out to be very high. Reducing crowdedness in public transit can be very effective in attracting more passengers, or at least in retaining current patronage.

The evidence base for parking policies—a review

“…Given the difficulties of identifying the full range of responses of drivers to changes in parking supply and pricing, a number of studies have adopted a stated-preference or stated-response approach to determining the trade-offs individuals make when parking (Axhausen and Polak, 1991;Shiftan, 2002;Golias, Yannis and Harvatis, 2002;Lee et al, 2003;Guan et al, 2005). Such studies are themselves limited by the range of choices that can be offered to respondents (Axhausen and Polak, 1991).…”

Is It Possible to Compete With Car Use? How Buses Can Facilitate Sustainable Transport

“…Existing studies on bus travel can be roughly divided into two types: first, those investigating factors affecting the use of buses (Brechan, 2017;Buehler, 2011;Chakrabarti & Joh, 2019;Chng et al, 2016;Ding et al, 2017;Ha et al, 2020;Ng & Acker, 2018;O'Fallon et al, 2004;Paulley et al, 2006;Rachele et al, 2015;Rasca & Saeed, 2022), and second, studies exploring the relationship between car ownership and bus use (Balcombe et al, 2004;Chakrabarti, 2017;Eriksson et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2003;Liu & Cirillo, 2015;Yao et al, 2021). Although some studies have considered the effect of car ownership and car use on bus travel (Rasca & Saeed, 2022;Yao et al, 2021), few have examined the influence of other travel modes, such as walking and cycling.…”

The Response of Urban Travel Mode Choice to Parking Fees considering Travel Time Variability

“…e level of traffic congestion of a specific area can be directly influenced by individual travelers' responses to parking policies [4]. A study in South Korea showed that parking fees have a more effective impact on the adjustment of traffic demand than the price of gasoline [9]. Another study found that 38% of travelers would shift from car to public transport if the daily parking fee increased from 0 to $6 in the central business district (CBD) of Portland, Oregon [10].…”