Estimating real driving emissions from multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements at the A60 motorway near Mainz, Germany

Lauster, Bianca; Dörner, Steffen; Beirle, Steffen; Donner, Sebastian; Gromov, Sergey; Uhlmannsiek, Katharina; Wagner, Thomas

doi:10.5194/amt-14-769-2021

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As mentioned above, they typically yield a resolving power of approximately 1000 and a light throughput that allows for the recording of scattered sunlight spectra in the UV and visible spectral range with a SNR of several thousand within less than a minute (e.g. Lauster et al, 2021). This is sufficient to retrieve many of the weakly absorbing atmospheric trace gases in the UV and visible spectral range (optical densities of ca.…”

Section: Instrument Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such set-ups are able to record spectra of scattered sky light with SNRs of several thousand in the UV spectral range within about a 1 min integration time (see e.g. Lauster et al, 2021). In addition, we determined the light throughput of an (with respect to our formalism) optimised GS with the same moderate resolving power and a 100 mm focal length.…”

Section: Comparison Of Fpi Spectrographs and Gssmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mobile and high-spectral-resolution Fabry–Pérot interferometer spectrographs for atmospheric remote sensing

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Grating spectrographs (GS) are presently widely in use for atmospheric trace gas remote sensing in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectral range (e.g. differential optical absorption spectroscopy, DOAS). For typical DOAS applications, GSs have a spectral resolution of about 0.5 nm, corresponding to a resolving power R (ratio of operating wavelength to spectral resolution) of approximately 1000. This is sufficient to quantify the vibro-electronic spectral structure of the absorption of many trace gases with good accuracy and further allows for mobile (i.e. compact and stable) instrumentation. However, a much higher resolving power (R≈105, i.e. a spectral resolution of about the width of an individual rotational absorption line) would facilitate the measurement of further trace gases (e.g. OH radicals), significantly reduce cross interferences due to other absorption and scattering processes, and provide enhanced sensitivity. Despite these major advantages, only very few atmospheric studies with high-resolution GSs are reported, mostly because increasing the resolving power of a GS leads to largely reduced light throughput and mobility. However, for many environmental studies, light throughput and mobility of measurement equipment are central limiting factors, for instance when absorption spectroscopy is applied to quantify reactive trace gases in remote areas (e.g. volcanoes) or from airborne or space-borne platforms. For more than a century, Fabry–Pérot interferometers (FPIs) have been successfully used for high-resolution spectroscopy in many scientific fields where they are known for their superior light throughput. However, except for a few studies, FPIs have hardly received any attention in atmospheric trace gas remote sensing, despite their advantages. We propose different high-resolution FPI spectrograph implementations and compare their light throughput and mobility to GSs with the same resolving power. We find that nowadays mobile high-resolution FPI spectrographs can have a more than 2 orders of magnitude higher light throughput than their immobile high-resolution GS counterparts. Compared with moderate-resolution GSs (as routinely used for DOAS), an FPI spectrograph reaches a 250 times higher spectral resolution while the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is reduced by only a factor of 10. Using a first compact prototype of a high-resolution FPI spectrograph (R≈148 000, <8 L, <5 kg), we demonstrate that these expectations are realistic. Using mobile and high-resolution FPI spectrographs could have a large impact on atmospheric near-UV to near-infrared (NIR) remote sensing. Applications include the enhancement of the sensitivity and selectivity of absorption measurements of many atmospheric trace gases and their isotopologues, the direct quantification of OH radicals in the troposphere, high-resolution O2 measurements for radiative transfer and aerosol studies, and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence quantification using Fraunhofer lines.

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Section: Instrument Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Fpi Spectrographs and Gssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile and high-spectral-resolution Fabry–Pérot interferometer spectrographs for atmospheric remote sensing

et al. 2021

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show abstract

“…As mentioned above they typically yield a resolving power in the range of 1000 and a light throughput that allows the recording of scattered sunlight spectra in the UV and visible spectral range with a SNR of several thousands within less than a minute (e.g. Lauster et al, 2021). This is sufficient to retrieve many of the weakly absorbing atmospheric trace gases in the UV and visible spectral range (optical densities of ca.…”

Section: Instrument Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such setups are able to record spectra of scattered sky light with SNRs of several thousands in the UV spectral range within about one minute integration time (see e.g. Lauster et al, 2021).…”

Section: Comparison Of Fpi Spectrographs and Gsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile and high spectral resolution Fabry Pérot interferometer spectrographs for atmospheric remote sensing

Kuhn

Bobrowski

Wagner

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Grating spectrographs (GS) are presently widely in use for atmospheric trace gas remote sensing in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectral range (e.g. differential optical absorption spectroscopy, DOAS). For typical DOAS applications, GSs have a spectral resolution of about half a nm corresponding to a resolving power R (ratio of operating wavelength to spectral resolution) in the range of 1000. This is sufficient to quantify the vibro-electronic spectral structure of the absorption of many trace gases with good accuracy and further allows for mobile (i.e. compact and stable) instrumentation. However, a much higher resolving power (R ≈ 105, i.e. a spectral resolution of about the width of an individual rotational absorption line) would facilitate the measurement of further trace gases (e.g. OH radicals), significantly reduce cross interferences due to other absorption and scattering processes, and provide enhanced sensitivity. Despite of these major advantages, only very few atmospheric studies with high resolution GSs are reported, mostly because increasing the resolving power of a GS leads to largely reduced light throughput and mobility. However, for many environmental studies, light throughput and mobility of measurement equipment are central limiting factors, for instance when absorption spectroscopy is applied to quantify reactive trace gases in remote areas (e.g. volcanoes) or from air borne or space borne platforms. Since more than a century, Fabry Pérot interferometers (FPIs) have been successfully used for high resolution spectroscopy in many scientific fields where they are known for their superior light throughput. However, except for a few studies, FPIs received hardly any attention in atmospheric trace gas remote sensing, despite their advantages. We propose different high resolution FPI spectrograph implementations and compare their light throughput and mobility to GSs with the same resolving power. We find that nowadays mobile high resolution FPI spectrographs can have a more than two orders of magnitude higher light throughput than their immobile high resolution GS counterparts. Compared to moderate resolution GSs (as routinely used for DOAS), a FPI spectrograph reaches a 250 times higher spectral resolution while the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is reduced by only a factor of 10. With a first compact prototype of a high resolution FPI spectrograph (R ≈ 148000, < 8 litres, < 5 kg) we demonstrate that these expectations are realistic. Using mobile and high resolution FPI spectrographs could have a large impact on atmospheric near UV to near IR remote sensing. Applications include the enhancement of sensitivity and selectivity of absorption measurements of many atmospheric trace gases and their isotopes, the direct quantification of OH radicals in the troposphere, high resolution O2 measurements for radiative transfer and aerosol studies and solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence quantification using Fraunhofer lines.

show abstract

Estimating real driving emissions from multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements at the A60 motorway near Mainz, Germany

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

Mobile and high-spectral-resolution Fabry–Pérot interferometer spectrographs for atmospheric remote sensing

Mobile and high-spectral-resolution Fabry–Pérot interferometer spectrographs for atmospheric remote sensing

Mobile and high spectral resolution Fabry Pérot interferometer spectrographs for atmospheric remote sensing

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