“…However, even though we can obtain a consistent estimator of true volatility, there are non-negligible differences that are referred to as the 'realized volatility error' (see Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard (2002)). For removing the estimation bias caused by the realized volatility error in estimating stochastic volatility (SV) models, BarndorffNielsen and Shephard (2002), Bollerslev and Zhou (2002), Takahashi, Omori andWatanabe (2009), andAsai, McAleer andMedeiros (2012a,b) showed that it is useful to use an ad hoc approach that accommodates an error term with constant variance. As in the realized GARCH model, Takahashi, Omori and Watanabe (2009) suggested a specification based on daily returns and a realized volatility measure simultaneously, which we will call the 'realized SV' (RSV) model.…”