Estimating surface water concentrations of “down-the-drain” chemicals in China using a global model

Whelan, M. J.; Hodges, Juliet E.N.; Williams, Richard J.; Keller, Virginie; Price, Oliver R.; Li, M.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.10.035

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It is worthy to note that the most popular drink in China is tea, which could have lower and more variable content of caffeine than coffee (Barone and Roberts, 1996). Previous studies have indicated that the economic status could influence the consumption behavior of PPCPs in different places (Bu et al, 2016;Hodges et al, 2012;Whelan et al, 2012). It was observed that caffeine and acesulfame consumption in China have good agreement with this hypothesis.…”

Section: Consumption Of Acesulfame and Caffeinesupporting

confidence: 77%

“…PPCP consumption could correlate with demographic characteristics of a given population which was proposed in previous studies Whelan et al, 2012) and observed in China. It is interesting to compare the data from China with the data in Australia reported by O'Brien et al (2014) to verify whether demographic and economic characteristics affect the consumption behavior of PPCPs.…”

Section: Comparison With Australiamentioning

confidence: 90%

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Measuring selected PPCPs in wastewater to estimate the population in different cities in China

Gao

O’Brien

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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Sampling and analysis of wastewater from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has become a useful tool for understanding exposure to chemicals. Both wastewater based studies and management and planning of the catchment require information on catchment population in the time of monitoring. Recently, a model has been developed and calibrated using selected pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) measured in influent wastewater for estimating population in different catchments in Australia. The present study aimed at evaluating the feasibility of utilizing this population estimation approach in China. Twenty-four hour composite influent samples were collected from 31 WWTPs in 17 cities with catchment sizes from 200,000-3,450,000 people representing all seven regions of China. The samples were analyzed for 19 PPCPs using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in direct injection mode. Eight chemicals were detected in more than 50% of the samples. Significant positive correlations were found between individual PPCP mass loads and population estimates provided by WWTP operators. Using the PPCP mass load modeling approach calibrated with WWTP operator data, we estimated the population size of each catchment with good agreement with WWTP operator values (between 50-200% for all sites and 75-125% for 23 of the 31 sites). Overall, despite much lower detection and relatively high heterogeneity in PPCP consumption across China the model provided a good estimate of the population contributing to a given wastewater sample. Wastewater analysis could also provide objective PPCP consumption status in China.

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Section: Consumption Of Acesulfame and Caffeinesupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Comparison With Australiamentioning

confidence: 90%

Measuring selected PPCPs in wastewater to estimate the population in different cities in China

Gao

O’Brien

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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“…As TCS is commonly used as bactericidal additive with a maximum concentration of 0.3 % in PCPs (EC 2009), we were able to estimate the total amount of TCS consumed in the whole China. According to some studies available in literature, the usage of chemical ingredients included in the personal care products in a region corresponded well with the per capita chemical consumption (PCC) estimate (mg/cap/year) inputs and populations (Holt et al 1998;Price et al 2009;Whelan et al 2012). Based on the assumption, we distributed the TCS uniformly for the population in China.…”

Section: Emission Estimationmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Modelling approach has provided an alternate method to solve the problem. Combining the chemical usage data, population, removal rate in WWTPs and a parameterized multimedia model describing the fate of chemicals, the chemical concentrations in the environment can be predicted, and it has been proved to be effective and accurate (Keller et al 2007;Price et al 2009Price et al , 2010aWhelan et al 2012;Zhang et al 2013). Multimedia fugacity models are well established, well documented and widely used for predicting the environmental fate of different chemicals at various scales (single river scale, regional scale and global scale) (Cao et al 2004;Mackay and Paterson 1991;Prevedouros et al 2004;Tan et al 2007;Tao et al 2003;Wang et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basin-scale emission and multimedia fate of triclosan in whole China

Zhang

Ying

Chen

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study aimed to investigate the emission and multimedia fate as well as potential risks of triclosan (TCS) in all of 58 basins in China. The results showed that the total usage of TCS in whole China was 100 t/year, and the discharge to the receiving environment was estimated to be 66.1 t/year. The predicted TCS concentrations by the level III fugacity model were within an order of magnitude of the reported measured concentrations. TCS (90.8 %) was discharged into the water compartment and 9.2 % to the soil compartment. The TCS concentration levels in east China were found generally higher than in west China. In addition, the input flux for TCS to seawater was largely attributed to the seasonal variations in advection flows. Preliminary risk assessment showed that medium to high ecological risks for TCS would be expected in the eastern part of China due to the high population density.

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“…According to the GREAT-ER model, the per capita chemical consumption (PCC) of NP and NPEOs in the Wenyu River catchment needs to be estimated to simulate their emission from STPs. Given that there is no statistical information about NP and NPEOs consumption in the target area, a practical method based on the monitored STP influent concentration ranges of NP and NPEOs, total influent flows per year for each STP, and the population served by the STPs was adopted to estimate the PCCs of NP and NPEOs (Balaam et al 2010;Whelan et al 2012), which can be calculated by the following equation:…”

Section: Simulation Scenario Buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the GREAT-ER model for environmental risk assessment of nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates in China

Zhang

Yan

Hao

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The environmental risk presented by Bdown-thedrain^chemicals to receiving rivers in large urban areas has received increasing attention in recent years. Geo-referenced Regional Environmental Assessment Tool for European Rivers (GREAT-ER) is a typical river catchment model that has been specifically developed for the risk assessment of these chemicals and applied in many European rivers. By utilizing the new version of the model, GREAT-ER 3.0, which is the first completely open source software for worldwide application, this study represents the first attempt to conduct an application of GREAT-ER in the Wenyu River of China. Aquatic exposure simulation and an environmental risk assessment of nonylphenol (NP) and its environmental precursor nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) were conducted effectively by GREAT-ER model, since NP is one of typical endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and its environmental precursor NPEOs as a Bdown-the-drain^chemical are extensively used in China. In the result, the predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of NP and NPEOs in the water of Wenyu River were 538 and 4320 ng/L, respectively, at the regional scale, and 1210 and 8990 ng/L, respectively, at the local scale. From the results profile of the RCR, the combination of high emissions from large STPs with insufficient dilution of the river caused the high RCR. The PECs of NP in the sediment were in the range of 216.8-8218.3 ng/g (dry weight), which was consistent with the available monitoring data. The study showed the worldwide applicability and reliability of GREAT-ER as a river catchment model for the risk assessment of these chemicals and also revealed the general environmental risks presented by NP and NPEOs in the Wenyu River catchment in Beijing due to the extensive use of these chemicals. The results suggest that specific control or treatment measures are probably warranted for these chemicals to reduce their discharge in major cities.

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Estimating surface water concentrations of “down-the-drain” chemicals in China using a global model

Cited by 18 publications

References 52 publications

Measuring selected PPCPs in wastewater to estimate the population in different cities in China

Measuring selected PPCPs in wastewater to estimate the population in different cities in China

Basin-scale emission and multimedia fate of triclosan in whole China

Application of the GREAT-ER model for environmental risk assessment of nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates in China

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