Estimating suspended solids concentrations from backscatter intensity measured by acoustic Doppler current profiler in San Francisco Bay, California

Long-term continuous acoustical suspended-sediment measurements in rivers - Theory, application, bias, and error

“…In many studies, only the values of 2TL, RL, and the range-dependent part of the TS are used to develop approximate calibrations (for example, Thevenot and others, 1992;Gartner, 2004;Wall and others, 2006;Gartner and Wright, 2010;Wright and others, 2010;Wood and Teasdale, 2013). These calibrations are referred to as "approximate" because they do not take into account how changes in the suspended-sediment grain-size distribution affect TS.…”

“…To finish the derivation of TS such that it is compatible with the backscatter-sedimentconcentration relations derived from the sonar equation for constant grain size by Thevenot and others (1992) and Gartner (2004), we convert M from SI units into the more conventional sediment-concentration units of mg/L and replace M with C. All other parameters are retained in SI units. This conversion and the previously described conversion from a S to D 50 results in equation 40 becoming …”

Extending the turbidity record: making additional use of continuous data from turbidity, acoustic-Doppler, and laser diffraction instruments and suspended-sediment samples in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon

“…Measurements from the acoustic instruments allow for discriminating finer sediment (principally silt-and-clay) from sand-sized suspended sediment. At a given frequency of sound, suspended sediment can be segregated into two acoustic size classes: (1) a finer acoustic size class in which increasing concentration (or decreasing grain size at a constant concentration) results mainly in increased attenuation of sound due to viscous losses (Urick, 1948;Flammer, 1962;Lohrmann, 2001;Gartner, 2004;Topping and others, 2004Topping and others, , 2006Topping and others, , 2007Wall and others, 2006;Wright and others, 2010) and (2) a coarser acoustic size class in which increasing concentration (or increasing grain size at a constant concentration) results mainly in increased backscatter of sound (Thorne and Campbell, 1992;Thorne and others, 1993;Thorne and Hanes, 2002;Lohrmann, 2001;Gartner, 2004;Topping and others, 2004Topping and others, , 2006Topping and others, , 2007Wall and others, 2006;Wright and others, 2010). Silt and clay therefore typically dominate acoustic attenuation, whereas sand typically dominates acoustic backscatter (Topping and others, 2007;Wright and others, 2010).…”

Contrasted sediment processes and morphological adjustments in three successive cutoff meanders of the Danube delta

“…This intensity is considered as an indicator of suspended-load concentration (SSC; Gartner, 2004;Dinehart and Burau, 2005;Kostaschuk et al, 2005) and by calibration operations is assumed to be reliable enough for further assessment of the SSC distribution across sections and SSC flux estimates. The calibration methods for converting the backscatter intensity into suspended sediment concentration (SSC) require extensive sediment sampling operations.…”