Estimating the age of domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticusL. 1758) cockerels through spur development

Abstract

Determining the age of bird remains after the cessation of growth is challenging due to the absence of techniques such as tooth eruption and wear available for mammals.Without these techniques, it is difficult to reconstruct hunting strategies, husbandry regimes, and wider human-animal relationships. This paper presents a new method, developed from a collection (n = 71) of known-age specimens of domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus L. 1758), for assessing age based on the fusion and size of the tarsometatarsal spur. Using this method, we reconstruct the demographics of domestic fowl from Iron Age to Early Modern sites in Britain to reveal the changing dynamics of human-domestic fowl relationships. We highlight the advanced age that cockerels often attained in their early history and how their life expectancies have subsequently declined.

Redefining the timing and circumstances of the chicken's introduction to Europe and north-west Africa

“…The long spurs on the Houghton Down cockerel (Figure 5B), for example, suggest it was over two years old (Doherty et al . 2021). Similarly, the hen from Weston Down (CKN8) was a mature individual with a well-healed leg fracture (Figure 3C), which could suggest evidence of human care.…”