Estimating the causal effects of private health insurance in Brazil: Evidence from a regression kink design

Menezes-Filho, Naércio Aquino; Politi, Ricardo

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113258

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These findings confirm the trend towards dietary diversity among Chinese people, shifting from a single grain-and-vegetable consumption pattern to a diversified diet consisting of grains, vegetables, meat, and fruits, as evidenced by references [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . However, this modernized diet has an increased disease risk, as confirmed by numerous studies 3,35,39 . Figure 1 shows the specific characteristics of these dietary changes.…”

Section: Spatial-temporal Characteristics Of the Dietary Structure In...mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…While earlier studies have focused predominantly on the national dietary structure regarding food security, soil and water environment, carbon emissions, and nutritional diseases, it is imperative to acknowledge that medical expenditures constitute a significant aspect of the overall dietary system that cannot be overlooked 11,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] . Most studies have prioritized investigating the correlation between medical expenditures and national health 30 , frequently relying on proxy variables, such as life expectancy and mortality rates to evaluate the productive performance of national health [31][32][33][34][35] . However, no research explicitly addresses the interplay between dietary structure, national health, and medical expenditures.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the changing dietary structure of Chinese residents and its medical expenditure effect

Zhu

Ya³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The trend towards diversified dietary consumption in China has resulted in a rising prevalence of nutrition and health problems, which places a significant burden due to medical expenditures. This burden presents an economic obstacle for the nation and households to progress toward prosperity. In this study, we employ a footprint-based approach to estimate the changes in medical investment attributed to dietary structural modifications in China from 1992 to 2021. We predict China’s dietary structure and consequent medical expenditures over the next decade. Our findings reveal that the dietary diversity index in China has increased by 0.397 over the past 30 years and that urban-rural and geographical nutritional disparities are narrowing. The ratio of national financial medical expenditure to total expenditures generated by the change in diet structure has increased by 18.06%, and the per capita healthcare expenditure of the population as a share of total consumption expenditures has increased by 29.46%. The change in the dietary structure of the population contributed to 28.77% of the increase in national financial medical expenditure in China between 1992 and 2021, and 33.40% of the increase in per capita health care expenditure of the population and in 2030. These two values will change to 27.61% and 39.68%, and the national financial medical expenditure generated by the change in dietary structure from 2022 to 2030 will also increase. National financial medical expenditure will increase by 152.8 billion yuan, and per capita healthcare expenditure of the population will increase by 310 yuan. The main source of this contribution is the rising scale of animal foods and sugar consumption. The positive effect of animal foods and sugar on the growth of medical expenditures will continue to expand, but the negative effect of plant-based foods, such as cereals and fruits and vegetables will largely offset this positive effect. Promoting a geographic balance of dietary and medical resources, stabilizing national cereals production, and reducing consumption of animal foods and sugars by several units could help offset the medical inputs from changes in the dietary structure. These findings illuminate the socio-economic impact of dietary changes.

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Section: Spatial-temporal Characteristics Of the Dietary Structure In...mentioning

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of the changing dietary structure of Chinese residents and its medical expenditure effect

Zhu

Ya³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…First, under the financial incentive of medical insurance, residents may change their choice of medical institutions at different levels when seeking medical services, which may ultimately affect their health status ( 25 ). Second, after participating in medical insurance, people are more likely to choose more diversified physical exercise methods and increase the frequency of physical activity, thus affecting their health status ( 26 ). Finally, health insurance can also influence the health status of the population by reducing incentives to take precautions against personal health, such as reducing the purchase and use of health supplies ( 27 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participating in health insurance and health improvements for the relatively poor population: A propensity score analysis

Hou

Huang

2022

Front. Public Health

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This study examined the causal relationship between participation in the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) and health status among relatively poor population in rural China. Data were obtained from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) conducted in 2018, which contained 4,507 samples. This study used propensity score matching (PSM) to examine the net effect of participation in the NRCMS on the health of the relatively poor population, and this effect was tested for equilibrium using nearest neighbor matching, radius matching, and kernel matching. This study showed that participation in the NRCMS has a significant and positive effect on the health status of the relatively poor population and the positive health effect may come from three channels, including the increased frequency of physical activity, the fact that an individual is more likely to seek medical care at a lower level of visit, and a plan to reduce health care expenditures.

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“…(4) An explicit optimal private health insurance contract is derived, which can guide practical private health insurance more effectively. (5) We numerically discuss the influences of health status and key model parameters on the optimal private health insurance contract and analyse the influence of private health insurance on the policyholder. The results reveal some meaningful phenomena and provide important guidance for buying private health insurance in practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Private Health Insurance Contract towards the Joint Interests of a Policyholder and an Insurer

Yang

Chen

2023

Mathematics

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This paper investigates the optimal private health insurance contract design problem, considering the joint interests of a policyholder and an insurer. Both the policyholder and the insurer jointly determine the premium of private health insurance. In order to better reflect reality, the illness expenditure is modelled by an extended compound Poisson process depending on health status. Under the mean–variance criterion and by applying dynamic programming, control theory, and leader–follower game techniques, analytically time-consistent private health insurance strategies are derived, optimal private health insurance contracts are designed, and their implications toward insurance are analysed. Finally, we perform numerical experiments assuming that the policyholder and the insurer calculate their wealth every year and they deposit their disposable income into the Bank of China with the interest rate being r=0.021. The values of other model parameters are set by referring to the data in the related literature. We find that the worse the policyholder’s health, the higher the premium that they pay for private health insurance, and buying private health insurance can effectively reduce the policyholder’s economic losses caused by illnesses.

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Estimating the causal effects of private health insurance in Brazil: Evidence from a regression kink design

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Analysis of the changing dietary structure of Chinese residents and its medical expenditure effect

Analysis of the changing dietary structure of Chinese residents and its medical expenditure effect

Participating in health insurance and health improvements for the relatively poor population: A propensity score analysis

Optimal Private Health Insurance Contract towards the Joint Interests of a Policyholder and an Insurer

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