Estimating the Cost of Illness of Prostate Cancer in Iran

Burden of Treatment among Elderly Patients with Cancer: A Scoping Review

“…There was variability in OOPCs associated with treatment, time, stage, or severity of the cancer [26]. Ó Céilleachair et al [35] and Mojahedian et al [45] both found that patients at the late stage of colorectal cancer reported higher OOPCs. Gordon et al [37] in Australia found that higher expenses were identified amongst participants who were recently diagnosed with prostate cancer.…”

“…Of the 24 included studies, a significant proportion were conducted in the USA (n = 10) [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. The remaining studies were from other developed countries, including three from the Republic of Ireland [34][35][36], and Australia [37][38][39], two each from the United Kingdom [40,41] and Republic of Korea [42,43], and one each from Canada [44], Iran [45], Finland [46], and Scotland [47]. Most studies used quantitative survey methods (n = 17 out of 24).…”

“…Financial burden was the most prevalent dimension to emerge, with almost half of all studies (n = 11) focusing on the financial and out-of-pocket costs (OOPCs) associated with cancer treatment. Direct expenses, such as the cost of prescription medication, healthcare specialist fees, travel costs to and from the hospital for treatment, diagnostic or imaging fees, and other hidden costs, such as absenteeism and loss of employment, were problematic [26,27,[31][32][33][34][35]37,43,45,46].…”

“…In Australia, Gordon et al [37] found that 50% of men diagnosed with prostate cancer reported an OOPC of AUD 8000 (approximately EUR 5100), while 75% of men spent up to AUD 17,000 (approximately EUR 11,000) for mostly specialist fees, hospital services, medical equipment, and medication. Mojahedian et al [45] found that the cost of radiotherapy plus surgery in patients in Iran with local nonmetastatic disease formed the greatest share of medical costs, followed by radiotherapy plus hormone therapy. In Finland, the highest mean OOPCs over a six-month period among patients with cancer were for medication (EUR 110) [46].…”

Experiences of End-of-Life Care of Older Adults with Cancer From the Perspective of Stakeholdersin Iran: A Content Analysis Study

“…There are also indirect costs to patients who must travel to receive treatment, such as those living in rural areas. These costs include domestic and international travel fares, hotel accommodations, and food expenses (Mojahedian et al, 2019).The total medical and non-medical fees paid out-of-pocket by patients during treatment was, on average, 25,690,000 Iranian Rials (approximately US $610) per patient during a five-month period. Fifty-three percent of patients took out loans from banks, borrowed money from friends, and appealed to charities to cover their medical costs (Bazyar et al, 2012).…”