Estimating the densities of benzene-derived explosives using atomic volumes

Abstract

The application of average atomic volumes to predict the crystal densities of benzene-derived energetic compounds of general formula C H N O is presented, along with the reliability of this method. The densities of 119 neutral nitrobenzenes, energetic salts, and cocrystals with diverse compositions were estimated and compared with experimental data. Of the 74 nitrobenzenes for which direct comparisons could be made, the % error in the estimated density was within 0-3% for 54 compounds, 3-5% for 12 compounds, and 5-8% for the remaining 8 compounds. Among 45 energetic salts and cocrystals, the % error in the estimated density was within 0-3% for 25 compounds, 3-5% for 13 compounds, and 5-7.4% for 7 compounds. The absolute error surpassed 0.05 g/cm for 27 of the 119 compounds (22%). The largest errors occurred for compounds containing fused rings and for compounds with three -NH or -OH groups. Overall, the present approach for estimating the densities of benzene-derived explosives with different functional groups was found to be reliable. Graphical abstract Application and reliability of average atom volume in the crystal density prediction of energetic compounds containing benzene ring.

Assessment of Recent Researches for Reliable Prediction of Density of Organic Compounds as well as Ionic Liquids and Salts Containing Energetic Groups at Room Temperature

“…Ghule et al. [12] used the reported densities of 119 neutral nitrobenzenes, energetic salts, and cocrystals to obtain the following equation: …”

Functionalized planar aromatic rings as precursors to energetic N,N′-(4,6-dinitro-1,3-phenylene)dinitramide and its salts

“…11a The introduction of ÀNHNO 2 groups onto a planar aromatic ring enhances the density and energetic properties. 12 In addition, the planarity of this ring maximizes weak non-covalent interactions (p-stacking, cation/p, anion-p, X-H/p, etc. ), which play vital roles in increasing thermal stability and decreasing the sensitivity toward the external stimuli.…”