Estimating the distribution of radionuclides in agricultural soils – Dependence on soil parameters

We investigated the distribution of radiocesium ( 134 Cs and 137 Cs) in three orchards in Tsukuba, 170 km southwest from the Tokyo Electric Power Company's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant 9 months after the accident. The radiocesium was distributed mainly in the surface soil. The distribution of radiocesium differed between deciduous and evergreen plants. In deciduous blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton), the concentration was high in the old branches because the bushes had no leaves at the time of the accident. Therefore, the concentration per bush was greater in unpruned than in pruned bushes. More radiocesium was present in the trunk and rootstock of each bush, although the concentration was low. In evergreen Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow), the concentration was high in the leaves, and it was higher in old leaves that expanded before the accident than in new leaves that expanded after the accident, because the old leaves were contaminated by direct deposition of the fallout. However, the total radiocesium was higher in the new leaves than in the old leaves because of the greater amount of new leaves. The radiocesium concentration in fruits was higher in trees with fewer fruits than in trees with many fruits, but the total radiocesium in fruits was higher in trees with many fruits.

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“…organic matter content (Hormann and Fischer 2013). In the mulched blueberry orchard, wood chips have been added every year as mulch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the distribution of radiocesium in deciduous and evergreen fruit trees: A case study

Hiraoka

Matsuoka

Kusaba

2015

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…Hormann [9] developed a CA model called UNiSeCs that already had been successfully used for calculating the speciation and partitioning of uranium, nickel, selenium and cesium in agricultural soils [10]. This model has recently been updated [11] and has now been further developed and modified to include the radionuclides plutonium, americium and selenium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, further details (e.g. calculation of the amounts of binding sites) have already been described elsewhere [9,10]; the modifications and adjustments that have been made for UNiSeCs II are emphasized below.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A consistent model for estimating the partitioning of Am, Pu and Se in agricultural soils

Hormann

2021

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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The component additive model UNiSeCs II for simulating the physicochemical behaviour of the radionuclides americium, plutonium and selenium in agricultural soils is presented. The model is validated by estimating the distribution coefficients (Kd) of these elements measured in batch experiments from the literature. For all three elements, the resulting average relative deviations from the experimental values are smaller than a factor of 2.5. This indicates that the model has the potential to significantly improve the predictions of radioecological models that normally use tabulated Kd values from the IAEA which are known to have large uncertainties. Using UNiSeCs II, the soil solution parameters most important for the partitioning of Am, Pu and Se are identified by single parameter variations.

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“…O coeficiente de distribuição é um parâmetro chave usado em muitos modelos matemáticos, que é definido como a razão entre a quantidade de soluto sorvido por uma unidade de massa da fração sólida do solo, sendo esse parâmetro dependente das características do solo como a atividade biológica, potencial redox, estrutura do solo, valor de pH, composição mineralógica e teor de matéria orgânica, podendo essas características variarem de acordo com o tipo de solo e as condições agrícolas (Blanco Rodríguez et al, 2018;Hormann and Fischer, 2013). Esse parâmetro é obtido pelo fator de retardamento (eq.12):…”

Section: Parâmetros De Transporte Dos Solutosunclassified

Efeito da composição físico-química e mineralógica de solos sobre a dinâmica dos íons nitrato, fósforo e potássio

Grecco¹

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Effect of physicochemical and mineralogical composition of soils on the dynamics of nitrate, phosphorus and potassium ions Fertilizer is applied to provide nutrients (solutes) for plants in required quantities, and at the right time, to facilitate economically viable agricultural production. However, in some cases excessive quantities of fertilizers are applied. Such overapplication can result in runoff and ions leaching through the soil profile, where they are unavailable to plants, and can cause surface water pollution by water erosion and eutrophication, besides of groundwater contamination and soil acidification. To avoid these environmental impacts, it is necessary to characterize the transport parameters that govern the dynamic of solutes in soil profile. These parameters are influenced by porous media properties, such as mineralogical composition of soils, that regulate the retention or dispersion of ions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of physicochemical and mineralogical composition of soils on transport parameters of nitrate, phosphorus, and potassium, estimated by using the CFITIM code inside of STANMOD (STudio of ANalytical MODels) software to fit BTC's. Besides that, using of columns with different heights (10 and 20 cm) and recommended the columns height with accuracy under transport parameters by numerical simulations of the BTC's using the HYDRUS-1D model. The research was conducted in the Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP/ESALQ). The treatments were a 5 x 2 factorial with five soils and two column heights for each individual solute. The experimental design was random blocks, with three blocks, totaling 30 plots for each solute. For analysis of results, the transport parameters were submitted a variance analysis and the evaluation of model performance by statistical indexes: Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Determination Coefficient (R 2). The dispersion coefficient for PV soil were significantly different from those for other soils, for all ions. In front of the different heights of the columns, PV, PVAe, NV and PVAd soils showed significant differences in retardation factor, and distribution and dispersion coefficients, for nitrate and potassium ions. The parameters obtained from 20 cm columns were accurate than those obtained from 10 cm height, based on adequate performance of HYDRUS-1D model in BTC's simulations of sandy and clay soils.

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Estimating the distribution of radionuclides in agricultural soils – Dependence on soil parameters

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Differences in the distribution of radiocesium in deciduous and evergreen fruit trees: A case study

Differences in the distribution of radiocesium in deciduous and evergreen fruit trees: A case study

A consistent model for estimating the partitioning of Am, Pu and Se in agricultural soils

Efeito da composição físico-química e mineralógica de solos sobre a dinâmica dos íons nitrato, fósforo e potássio

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