Estimating the effect of a potential policy to restrict tobacco retail availability in New Zealand

Robertson, Lindsay; Marsh, Louise

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054491

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The strengths in this paper lie in evaluating the density reduction and equity of a range of potential policies. Previous studies have evaluated a single or small number of policies [17][18][19]21,22], and few have evaluated the equity impact [21,22]. We explicitly evaluated density reduction and equity-impact of twelve potential policies selected based on previous research, many of which have been considered elsewhere [19,[21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential policy solutions to reduce TOD across neighbourhoods include restricting the types of businesses that can sell tobacco, such as only liquor stores, and regulating where tobacco retailers can locate, such as exclusion zones around schools [16]. Some studies have quantified the impact of such policies on overall TOD [17,18], or the cost of tobacco products [19,20]. Few studies have explicitly focused on the equity-impact of prospective policy interventions to control tobacco availability, but those that have showed that the equityimpacts of different policy options vary widely [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating the density reduction and equity impact of potential tobacco retail control policies

et al. 2020

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BackgroundReducing the provision of tobacco is important for decreasing inequalities in smoking and smoking-related harm. Various policies have been proposed to achieve this, but their impacts—particularly on equity—are often unknown. Here, using national-level data, we simulate the impacts of potential policies designed to reduce tobacco outlet density (TOD).MethodsTobacco retailer locations (n=9030) were geocoded from Scotland’s national register, forming a baseline. Twelve policies were developed in three types: (1) regulating type of retailer selling tobacco, (2) regulating location of tobacco sales, and (3) area-based TOD caps. Density reduction was measured as mean percentage reduction in TOD across data zones and number of retailers nationally. Equity impact was measured using regression-based Relative Index of Inequality (RII) across income deprivation quintiles.ResultsPolicies restricting tobacco sales to a single outlet type (‘Supermarket’; ‘Liquor store’; ‘Pharmacy’) caused >80% TOD reduction and >90% reduction in the number of tobacco outlets nationally. However, RIIs indicated that two of these policies (‘Liquor store’, ‘Pharmacy’) increased socioeconomic inequalities in TOD. Equity-promoting policies included ‘Minimum spacing’ and exclusion zones around ‘Child spaces’. The only policy to remove statistically significant TOD inequalities was the one deliberately targeted to do so (‘Reduce clusters’).ConclusionsUsing spatial simulations, we show that all selected policies reduced provision of tobacco retailing to varying degrees. However, the most ‘successful’ at doing so also increased inequalities. Consequently, policy-makers should consider how the methods by which tobacco retail density is reduced, and success measured, align with policy aims.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating the density reduction and equity impact of potential tobacco retail control policies

et al. 2020

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“…Finding an optimal non-regulatory intervention to complement strong tobacco control policies and laws requires further research. A future intervention may be most effective if there is a ban on new tobacco retailers,10 11 or in the context of a jurisdiction, such as San Francisco, where there is a cap on the number of tobacco retailers permitted, but existing tobacco retailers are ‘grandfathered’-in and allowed to continue to sell until they end sales naturally (eg, business closure) 10…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although tobacco control stakeholders suggest that measures to reduce the retail availability of tobacco may hold promise, few interventions have been evaluated and published. Governments have been encouraged to use laws and policies (regulatory interventions), such as banning new tobacco retailers, or requiring a retailer to hold a tobacco licence, as a mechanism to reduce the density and number of tobacco retailers 10 11. Previous Australian research has shown that a large licence fee increase alone can reduce the number of tobacco retailers 12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards tobacco-free retailers: feasibility of an intervention encouraging retailers to stop selling tobacco in Tasmania

et al. 2022

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BackgroundDespite calls for greater emphasis on tobacco supply reduction strategies, limited evidence of interventions (regulatory and non-regulatory) to reduce tobacco retailer numbers exists. This study investigated the feasibility of a real-world, non-regulatory intervention to encourage low volume tobacco retailers to stop selling, in a jurisdiction with a tobacco retailer licensing system.InterventionBetween December 2018 and 2019, low volume tobacco retailers (n=164) were exposed to multiple intervention elements (eg, postcard and letter mail-out, onsite visit) focused on the business benefits of stopping selling, in the lead up to their tobacco licence expiry date. The intervention was delivered in Tasmania, Australia in a region characterised by socioeconomic disadvantage, high smoking rates and density of tobacco retailers.MethodsFor this mixed-methods study we collected data through implementation records on 164 retailers and postintervention interviews with 21 retailers to explore intervention implementation, awareness, acceptability, usefulness and actions taken.ResultsRetailers were able to recall the intervention, specifically messages focused on the business-related reasons to stop selling tobacco. Of the 107 retailers that the project officer spoke with onsite or via telephone, the majority (72%) accepted phase I components. The intervention introduced some retailers to the concept of ending tobacco sales, which made them stop and consider this option. Of the 164 retailers exposed to the intervention, 18 (11%) retailers ended tobacco sales.ConclusionOur study suggests that a non-regulatory intervention targeting low volume retailers to end tobacco sales may help to reduce the retail availability of tobacco.

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“…There is now evidence (largely from countries advanced in reducing smoking) that outlet density and the location of tobacco retailers affects youth smoking and adult quit rates 4 6–8. Studies examining alternatives to current models of tobacco and nicotine supply have identified the need to drastically reduce tobacco outlets, and called for limits on the types of outlet permitted to sell tobacco 9–12. Given the need for regulating tobacco sources and the difficulties involved,13 14 what should the ultimate goals be regarding the supply of tobacco and non-prescription nicotine products?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The long-term supply of tobacco and nicotine: some goals, principles and policy implications

2019

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There is a growing literature on regulating the supply of tobacco products to achieve tobacco-free goals. This article suggests three goals and eight principles that could underpin regulatory approaches to the supply of tobacco and non-prescription nicotine products. The primary principles are that tobacco and nicotine products should not be seen as normal consumer products, should not be supplied for profit, and that the tax revenue from the supply of the products should first be used to reduce tobacco and nicotine use.

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Estimating the effect of a potential policy to restrict tobacco retail availability in New Zealand

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Simulating the density reduction and equity impact of potential tobacco retail control policies

Simulating the density reduction and equity impact of potential tobacco retail control policies

Towards tobacco-free retailers: feasibility of an intervention encouraging retailers to stop selling tobacco in Tasmania

The long-term supply of tobacco and nicotine: some goals, principles and policy implications

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