Estimating the Effect of Competitiveness on Turnout across Regime Types

Abstract

Electoral turnout as an indicator of political participation, political equality and, thus, democratic performance is one of the most important variables in the study of elections. While numerous studies have contributed to the explanation of electoral turnout, the picture is still incomplete. Notably, a variable which pertains to the core of elections, the competitiveness of electoral races, is not fully understood yet. We contribute to filling this gap by accounting for different effects of competitiveness in democracies and autocracies, as well as against the background of varying institutional settings. Our analyses suggest that vote margins are a suitable measure of competitiveness, but only in democracies with plurality or majority electoral systems. Ex ante measures of competitiveness capture the concept of competitiveness more comprehensively and are applicable across electoral systems and regime types.

Electoral competition and government health expenditure in electoral autocracies: A pessimistic view

“…Third, this paper argues along with Eichhorn and Linhart (2021) and Hyde and Marinov (2012) that the ex ante measurement used herein captures electoral competition more precisely. Since ex post measurements of electoral competition can be manipulated by dictators, whether or not there are free and fair conditions for the opposition's participation in elections is important when measuring electoral competition in autocracies.…”

Selecting the Electorate

“…Whether margins are a suitable measure for contestation depends heavily on the electoral system. In majoritarian electoral systems, margins are more directly linked to the distribution of power (Eichhorn and Linhart 2021). Hence, I interact margins in parliamentary elections with a dummy variable for majoritarian electoral systems.…”