Estimating the effect of realistic improvements of metformin adherence on COVID-19 mortality using targeted machine learning

Qiu, Sky; Hubbard, Alan E.; Gutiérrez, Juan Pablo; Pimpale, Ganesh; Juárez-Flores, Arturo; Ghosh, Rakesh; de Jesús Ascencio-Montiel, Iván; Bertozzi, Stefano M.

doi:10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100142

Global Epidemiology

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100142

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Estimating the effect of realistic improvements of metformin adherence on COVID-19 mortality using targeted machine learning

Sky Qiu,

Alan E. Hubbard,

Juan Pablo Gutiérrez

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

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Metformin in Antiviral Therapy: Evidence and Perspectives

Halabitska,

Petakh,

Lushchak

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic medication, has emerged as a promising broad-spectrum antiviral agent due to its ability to modulate cellular pathways essential for viral replication. By activating AMPK, metformin depletes cellular energy reserves that viruses rely on, effectively limiting the replication of pathogens such as influenza, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, HBV, and HCV. Its role in inhibiting the mTOR pathway, crucial for viral protein synthesis and reactivation, is particularly significant in managing infections caused by HIV, CMV, and EBV. Furthermore, metformin reduces oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are critical for replicating arboviruses such as Zika and dengue. The drug also regulates immune responses, cellular differentiation, and inflammation, disrupting the life cycle of HPV and potentially other viruses. These diverse mechanisms suppress viral replication, enhance immune system functionality, and contribute to better clinical outcomes. This multifaceted approach highlights metformin’s potential as an adjunctive therapy in treating a wide range of viral infections.

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Metformin in Antiviral Therapy: Evidence and Perspectives

Halabitska,

Petakh,

Lushchak

et al. 2024

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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A multimodal approach for treating post-acute infectious syndrome

Steenblock,

Toepfner,

Kok

et al. 2024

Brain Medicine

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Long-term complications, such as extensive fatigue and cognitive issues, are known from various infections, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, or Borrelia burgdorferi. The pathology is mostly unknown and differs between patients. Unfortunately, there is currently no common and effective treatment. In this perspective, we imply that post-acute infectious syndromes are due to a variety of factors, including among others diminished tissue perfusion, tissue infiltration by viruses, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and that not one specific biomarker can be used to measure these syndromes. Thus, we suggest that a score based on a number of criteria/factors should be used to assess post-acute infectious syndromes. Consequently, probably not one single treatment can be used to treat this group of patients, and we suggest a multimodal treatment regimen comprising a combination of pharmacotherapy, such as metformin and naltrexone with anti-inflammatory effects, alongside physical therapies such as extracorporeal apheresis and transcutaneous neurotherapy. This combined approach aims to reduce biomarker levels and enhance cognitive functions. This implies that a reset of the systems can be achieved by a multimodal approach based on a score for post-acute infectious syndromes.

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Estimating the effect of realistic improvements of metformin adherence on COVID-19 mortality using targeted machine learning

Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

Metformin in Antiviral Therapy: Evidence and Perspectives

Metformin in Antiviral Therapy: Evidence and Perspectives

A multimodal approach for treating post-acute infectious syndrome

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