“…The economic development impact of sports facilities has been a popular line of research over the last three decades. Among the economic development outcomes, scholars have investigated are local income (Coates & Humphreys, 1999; Propheter, 2012; Santo, 2005), business formation (Harger et al, 2016), sales (Stitzel & Rogers, 2019), employment (Hudson, 1999; Jasina & Rotthoff, 2008; Propheter, 2019b), wages (Coates & Humphreys, 2003, 2011; Jasina & Rotthoff, 2008), and property values, both residential (Ahlfeldt & Kavetsos, 2014; Ahlfeldt & Maennig, 2010; Feng & Humphreys, 2012, 2018; Tu, 2005) and commercial (Propheter, 2019a). The results from these studies generally find that sports have no effect on local area income, jobs, business formation, or sales; they have positive and potentially offsetting effects on wages in industries associated with sporting events; and they positively impact property prices, a near consensus finding across property types.…”