2017
DOI: 10.3390/hydrology4010012
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Estimating the Effect of Urban Growth on Annual Runoff Volume Using GIS in the Erbil Sub-Basin of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Abstract: Abstract:The growth and spread of impervious surfaces within urbanizing catchment areas pose signiificant threats to the quality of natural and built-up environments. Impervious surfaces prevent water infiltration into the soil, resulting in increased runoff generation. The Erbil Sub-basin was selected because the impervious cover is increasing rapidly and is affecting the hydrological condition of the watershed. The overall aim of this study is to examine the impact of urban growth and other changes in land u… Show more

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Cited by 31 publications
(19 citation statements)
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“…Therefore, the cities with higher increasing rates of SUHII should pay more attention to protect the terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, the continuous and rapid urbanization of the 10 cities was similar with other cities according to previous studies [56][57][58][59]. Future studies will focus on UEs on environment at regional or global scales.…”
Section: The Relationships Between Suhii and ∆Evimentioning
confidence: 51%
“…Therefore, the cities with higher increasing rates of SUHII should pay more attention to protect the terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, the continuous and rapid urbanization of the 10 cities was similar with other cities according to previous studies [56][57][58][59]. Future studies will focus on UEs on environment at regional or global scales.…”
Section: The Relationships Between Suhii and ∆Evimentioning
confidence: 51%
“…The United State Department of Agriculture (USDA) identifies four main soil groups based on texture, infiltration characteristics and permeability [42][43][44]. Typically, higher CN values indicate higher surface runoff whereas lower CN values refer to reduced runoff [45,46].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The SCS-CN method is essentially based on the water balance equation and on two fundamental hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that the ratio and runoff to effective rainfall corresponds to the ratio of actual potential retention to potential retention; [44][45][46].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Interestingly, beyond its original scope, it has also been extended to several other scientific areas such as flood design for hydraulic structure [19][20], water balance calculation, sediment yield modelling [21][22][23][24][25], sediment transport [26], water quality [27][28], irrigation [29], soil moisture modelling [30], long-term hydrologic simulation [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], prediction of infiltration and rainfallexcess rates [39][40][41][42][43], rainwater harvesting [44][45][46][47], urban hydrology [48][49], hydrograph simulation [50], e-flow assessment [51], partitioning of heavy metals [52][53], transport of pollutants [50]. Moreover, many research efforts have also investigated the utility of the SCS-CN method in quantifying the runoff response due to land use/cover changes [54][55][56][57], and effect of forest fires on hydrological response and the associated hydrological risks [58][59][60]…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%