Estimating the health benefits and costs associated with ezetimibe coadministered with statin therapy compared with higher dose statin monotherapy in patients with established cardiovascular disease: Results of a Markov model for UK costs using data registries

Projected Cost-Effectiveness of Ezetimibe/Simvastatin Compared with Doubling the Statin Dose in the United Kingdom: Findings from the INFORCE Study

“…In this study, the cost‐effectiveness of treating patients with Eze/statins (vs. statin monotherapy with doubling of the statin dose) improved as a function of increasing CHD risk [67], given that ICER values decreased with increasing statin dose potency, which is in turn commonly construed as a surrogate for increased cardiovascular risk. On the other hand, a recent study in the United Kingdom using a Markov model projected that, in a hypothetical population of 1000 men aged 55 years with cardiovascular disease, adding Eze to a statin conferred 134 additional QALYs and averted 43 nonfatal MIs, 7 nonfatal strokes, and 26 cardiovascular deaths over the population's total lifespan, compared with doubling the statin dose; these data were consistent with an ICER value of £27,475/QALY compared with statin monotherapy up‐titrated by 1 dose [68]. The ICER increased to £32,000/QALY among men aged 75 years.…”

“…The ICER increased to £32,000/QALY among men aged 75 years. As in our analysis, these UK investigators reported that ICERs were well below £20,000/QALY for the comparison of Eze/Simva (generic) compared with branded atorvastatin in patients with established cardiovascular disease; however, the comparison of Eze/ atorvastatin (branded) with branded rosuvastatin, which was not examined in our study, resulted in ICER values exceeding £30,000/QALY [68].…”

Cost–effectiveness of statins revisited: lessons learned about the value of innovation

“…Both approaches have remained popular [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Variations of the risk-factor model approach have lately made a reappearance in the assessment of new lipid-lowering agents, e.g., ezetimibe [17,18]. Part of the explanation is that the risk models have been reasonably accurate in predicting the events in the main trials [19].…”

<p>Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Ezetimibe as the Add-on Treatment to Moderate-Dose Rosuvastatin versus High-Dose Rosuvastatin in the Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in China: A Markov Model Analysis</p>

“…21 Quality of life was decremented with each admission of non-fatal CHD or non-fatal stroke 2.3.2 Event risks. Previously reported event probabilities of CHD recurrence, stroke recurrence, cardiovascular death, natural death and adverse reaction (ADR) in Chinese population ( Supplementary Tables 1 and 2) 13,16,22 were used in our study. The only serious adverse event in the trial was a new onset myopathy (CK ≥ 5 times of upper limit of normal) in the high-dose group, which led to the patient withdrawal.…”

“…The cost of the withdrawn patients due to the adverse events included direct medical costs and elevated cardiovascular risk due to the discontinuation of the drug. 19,22 All the cost data were collected according to the context in 2017.…”