Estimating the impact of pictorial health warnings and “plain” cigarette packaging: Evidence from experimental auctions among adult smokers in the United States

Thrasher, James F.; Rousu, Matthew C.; Hammond, David; Navarro, Ashley; Corrigan, Jay R.

doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2011.06.003

Cited by 104 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As noted earlier, proponents of plain packaging argue that the cigarette box is a key source of advertising and that the introduction of plain packaging would reduce smoking behaviour (Thrasher et al, 2011). This is refuted by tobacco companies for various reasons, including the contention that consumers do not make smoking choices on the basis of packaging (Phillip Morris Limited, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cigarette box as an advertising vehicle in the United Kingdom: A case for plain packaging

2013

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Aims: To study tobacco advertising in the United Kingdom between 1950-2003 and to evaluate the role of the cigarette box in advertising. Method: Tobacco company advertisements (n=204) were coded for content and meanings used to promote the product. Results: There was a significant shift over time from cigarettes being displayed to the cigarette box only. Changes in advertising and the meanings evoked were unrelated to changes in smoking behaviour. Conclusions: It is argued that the cigarette box has absorbed the meanings associated with smoking and has become an effective vehicle for advertising. It is also argued that this can only be minimised with plain packaging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cigarette box as an advertising vehicle in the United Kingdom: A case for plain packaging

2013

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“…Benzer olarak, konuyla ilgili çok sayý-da çalýþmanýn deðerlendirildiði Tütünsüz Çocuklar Kampanyasý (Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, 16) raporunda da canlý ve belirgin uyarýlarýn yalnýzca metin uyarýlarýna göre hem sigara kullanýcýlarýnda sigaranýn zararlarýna iliþkin farkýndalýk kazandýrma hem de kullanmayan bireylerin sigarayý baþla-malarýný önleme konusunda daha etkili olduðu belirtilmektedir. Ek olarak, alan yazýnda metin ya da resimli sigara uyarýlarýnýn etkisinin birbiriyle karþýlaþtýrýldýðý baþka çalýþmalara da (17,18,19) rastlanmaktadýr. Bu çalýþmalar, çoðunlukla, hem resim hem de metin içeren birleþik sigara uyarýlarýnýn kullanýlmasýnýn daha etkili olduðuna iþaret etmektedir.…”

Section: Sigara Paketleri üZerinde Metin Uyarýlarý Mý Yoksa Resimli Uunclassified

“…Ayrýca, birleþik uyarýlarýn kiþilerin saðlýklarýyla ilgili kaygýlarýný daha çok artýrdýðý da bulunmuþtur. Sigara kullanan yetiþkinlerle yürütülen bir baþka çalýþmada ise (19), sadece metinlerle yapýlan uyarýlarýn yer aldýðý sigaralara göre birleþik uyarýlarýn (metinle birlikte resimlerin de kullanýldýðý) yer aldýðý sigaralara talebin daha düþük olduðu bulunmuþtur. Konu ile ilgili deneysel desen kullanan 37 çalýþmanýn dâhil edildiði bir meta analiz çalýþmasýnda da (20) resimli sigara uyarýlarý ile yalnýzca metin içeren sigara uyarýlarý karþýlaþtýrýlmýþtýr.…”

Section: Sigara Paketleri üZerinde Metin Uyarýlarý Mý Yoksa Resimli Uunclassified

A Review on the Effects of Health Warnings Printed on Cigarette Packages on Smokers

Malatyalı¹,

Sunal²

2017

J Clin Psy

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SUMMARYPrinting warning messages on cigarette packages is one of the policies against smoking. Millions of people are exposed to these warning messages every day. Therefore, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of these messages and evaluate their effects on individuals. This study aims to discuss the studies investigating health warnings on cigarette packages. In this context, studies about the design of warning messages (e.g. Should we use combined warnings which contain pictorials and texts together or should they contain only pictorials or only texts?; Do we need to return to plain packages?) on cigarette packages were reviewed. Then, studies related to the content of the messages were reviewed since the content of the messages (i.e. message framing) could also be effective on smoking just as the package design. Graphic warning labels on cigarette packages may generate defensive reactions. In this regard, these defensive reactions against graphic warning labels were addressed within the frameworks of psychological reactance theory (1), cognitive dissonance theory (2), terror management theory (3) and self-affirmation theory (4). Finally, how these defensive reactions could be reduced (e.g. framing sentences as questions instead of affirmative sentences) was reviewed on the basis of related literature.

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“…Other studies suggest that GWLs are as effective among disadvantaged groups as among the general population [18][19][20][21] and thus have a neutral effect on disparities. Cantrell and colleagues 18 found no significant interaction between race/ethnicity or education and treatment condition (GWLs or TWLs) on salience, perceived impact, credibility, or quit intentions.…”

Section: Assessing the Consequences Of Implementing Graphic Warning Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Consequences of Implementing Graphic Warning Labels on Cigarette Packs for Tobacco-Related Health Disparities

Gibson

Brennan

Momjian

et al. 2015

NICTOB

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Introduction: Population-level communication interventions, such as graphic warning labels (GWLs) on cigarette packs, have the potential to reduce or exacerbate tobacco-related health disparities depending on their effectiveness among disadvantaged sub-populations. This study evaluated the likely impact of nine GWLs proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration on (1) African American and (2) Hispanic smokers, who disproportionately bear the burden of tobaccorelated illness, and (3) low education smokers, who have higher smoking rates. Methods: Data were collected online from current smokers randomly assigned to see GWLs (treatment) or the current text-only warning labels (control). Participants were stratified by age (18-25; 26+) in each of four groups: general population (n = 1246), African Americans (n = 1200), Hispanics (n = 1200), and low education (n = 1790). We tested the effectiveness of GWLs compared to textonly warning labels using eight outcomes that are predictive of quitting intentions or behaviors including negative emotion, intentions to hold back from smoking, intentions to engage in avoidance behaviors, and intentions to quit. Results: Across all outcomes, GWLs were significantly more effective than text-only warning labels more often than expected by chance. Results suggested that African Americans, Hispanics and smokers with low education did not differ from the general population of smokers in their reactions to any of the nine individual GWLs. Conclusions: The nine GWLs were similarly effective for disadvantaged sub-populations and the general population of smokers. Implementation of GWLs is therefore unlikely to reduce or exacerbate existing tobacco-related health disparities, but will most likely uniformly increase intentions and behaviors predictive of smoking cessation.

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Estimating the impact of pictorial health warnings and “plain” cigarette packaging: Evidence from experimental auctions among adult smokers in the United States

Cited by 104 publications

References 31 publications

The cigarette box as an advertising vehicle in the United Kingdom: A case for plain packaging

The cigarette box as an advertising vehicle in the United Kingdom: A case for plain packaging

A Review on the Effects of Health Warnings Printed on Cigarette Packages on Smokers

Assessing the Consequences of Implementing Graphic Warning Labels on Cigarette Packs for Tobacco-Related Health Disparities

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