Estimating the mortality burden of large scale mining projects—Evidence from a prospective mortality surveillance study in Tanzania

Abstract

We set up a mortality surveillance system around two of the largest gold mines in Tanzania between February 2019 and February 2020 to estimate the mortality impact of gold mines. Death circumstances were collected using a standardized verbal autopsy tool, and causes of death were assigned using the InSilicoVA algorithm. We compared cause-specific mortality fractions in mining communities with other subnational data as well as national estimates. Within mining communities, we estimated mortality risks of mining workers relative to other not working at mines. At the population level, mining communities had higher road-traffic injuries (RTI) (risk difference (RD): 3.1%, Confidence Interval (CI): 0.4%, 5.9%) and non-HIV infectious disease mortality (RD: 5.6%, CI: 0.8%, 10.3%), but lower burden of HIV mortality (RD: -5.9%, CI: -10.2%, -1.6%). Relative to non-miners living in the same communities, mining workers had over twice the mortality risk (relative risk (RR): 2.09, CI: 1.57, 2.79), with particularly large increases for death due to RTIs (RR: 14.26, CI: 4.95, 41.10) and other injuries (RR:10.10, CI: 3.40, 30.02). Our results shows that gold mines continue to be associated with a large mortality burden despite major efforts to ensure the safety in mining communities. Given that most of the additional mortality risk appears to be related to injuries programs targeting these specific risks seem most desirable.

Refining circumstances of mortality categories (COMCAT): a verbal autopsy model connecting circumstances of deaths with outcomes for public health decision-making

“…Moreover, capturing wider social conditions of death (e.g. occupational and environmental) and how these interact with circumstances and events at and around time of death is a priority [ 80 ].…”

Increasing TB/HIV Case Notification through an Active Case-Finding Approach among Rural and Mining Communities in Northwest Tanzania

“…Through their work, ASMs are exposed to numerous toxic substances including silica dust, which can cause silicosis, a risk factor for developing TB [ 11 ]. A recent study showed that non-HIV infectious diseases (respiratory infections including tuberculosis ) were the leading cause of mortality in two mines in Geita and Shinyanga provinces [ 12 ]. Many female sex workers (FSWs) also live in and around the same informal settlements.…”

Industrial mining and HIV risk: evidence from 39 mine openings across 16 countries in sub-Saharan Africa

“…Case studies found that miners have higher HIV prevalence in Lesotho and Eswatini, lower in Tanzania, whereas in Zambia and Zimbabwe, only minor differences were found [ 6 , 11 , 15 ]. Contrarily, higher mortality rates of HIV were found among male miners in Tanzania compared with other community members [ 16 ]. Conversely, sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, were less frequently reported in metal extraction areas [ 17 ].…”