Estimating the obstetric costs of female genital mutilation in six African countries

Adam, Taghreed; Bathija, Heli; Bishai, David; Bonnenfant, Yung Ting; Darwish, Manal; Huntington, Dale; Johansen, R. Elise B.

doi:10.2471/blt.09.064808

Cited by 79 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Intervening preventatively and dissuading practising communities from continuing the practice present proactive strategies, which not only would be consistent with international condemnation of FGM/C but cost-effective. According to research by Adam et al (2010), the cost of government efforts to prevent FGM/C would be offset by savings from preventing obstetric, gynaecological and psychosexual complications. Abandonment campaigns could highlight the detrimental sexual consequences from FGM/C for women, including pain and reduced satisfaction, as well as for their male partner.…”

Section: Study or Subgroupmentioning

confidence: 98%

Does Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) Affect Women’s Sexual Functioning? A Systematic Review of the Sexual Consequences of FGM/C

2011

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Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) refers to a cultural practice which involves partial removal of or injury to the female external genitalia for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. Estimates suggest that there are 100-130 million girls and women currently living with various health consequences from FGM/C. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the sexual consequences of FGM/C. A total of 15 studies, of variable methodological quality, with 12,671 participants from seven different countries were included. The majority of the 65 outcomes were statistically associated with FGM/ C status at study level. Meta-analysis results showed that compared to women without FGM/C, women who had been subjected to FGM/C were more likely to report dyspareunia (relative risk (RR)=1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.15, 2.0), no sexual desire (RR=2.15, 95% CI=1.37, 3.36) and less sexual satisfaction (standardized mean difference=−0.34, 95% CI=−0.56, −0.13). Heterogeneity precluded additional consideration of other outcomes. The systematic review substantiates the proposition that a woman whose genital tissues have been partly removed is more likely to experience increased pain and reduction in sexual satisfaction and desire. Increased research efforts to investigate the sexual harms from FGM/C are indicated. Sexual education and therapy could be offered to women with FGM/C who want that.

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Section: Study or Subgroupmentioning

confidence: 98%

Does Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) Affect Women’s Sexual Functioning? A Systematic Review of the Sexual Consequences of FGM/C

2011

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“…And at what cost? Instead: 'African health ministries that invest in curbing the practice of FGM are likely to recover a large portion of the investment by saving money from prevented obstetric complications... [and] of treating FGMrelated psychological and sexual health problems' (Adam et al 2010).…”

Section: The Broader Picturementioning

confidence: 99%

Coping and chronic psychosocial consequences of female genital mutilation in the Netherlands

Vloeberghs¹,

et al. 2012

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Objective. The study presented in this article explored psychosocial and relational problems of African immigrant women in the Netherlands who underwent female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), the causes they attribute to these problems Á in particular, their opinions about the relationship between these problems and their circumcision Á and the way they cope with these health complaints.Design. This mixed-methods study used standardised questionnaires as well as in-depth interviews among a purposive sample of 66 women who had migrated from Somalia, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia or Sierra Leone to the Netherlands. Data were collected by ethnically similar female interviewers; interviews were coded and analysed by two independent researchers. Results. One in six respondents suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and one-third reported symptoms related to depression or anxiety. The negative feelings caused by FGM/C became more prominent during childbirth or when suffering from physical problems. Migration to the Netherlands led to a shift in how women perceive FGM, making them more aware of the negative consequences of FGM. Many women felt ashamed to be examined by a physician and avoided visiting doctors who did not conceal their astonishment about the FGM. Conclusion. FGM/C had a lifelong impact on the majority of the women participating in the study, causing chronic mental and psychosocial problems. Migration made women who underwent FGM/C more aware of their condition. Three types of women could be distinguished according to their coping style: the adaptives, the disempowered and the traumatised. Health care providers should become more aware of their problems and more sensitive in addressing them.

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“…To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger is the first of the eight MDGs agreed upon by participating countries. In this way, and explicitly approaching the topic of generation of poverty, the preservation of FGM -as pointed out by a study carried out by the WHO (5) , presupposes loss of life and low productivity levels due to the loss of physical and mental abilities of women and young girls (Table 1). In this study, the author(s) also emphasize the increase in public health costs as a result of demands associated with the health-related consequences of the practice in mutilated women and girls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacto de la mutilación genital femenina en los objetivos del milenio

Jiménez‐Ruiz

Martínez

Bravo

2015

Rev. Gaúcha Enferm.

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RESUMEN Objetivo Relacionar la Mutilación Genital Femenina como factor negativo para la consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio 1, 3, 4, 5 y 6. Métodos Se ha realizado la recogida de datos a través de una revisión integradora de la literatura en los años 2014 y 2015. Se consultaron las bases de datos Medline/PubMed, Web of Science , LILACS, SCIELO, Tesis Doctorales TESEO y en las webs de WOK, UNICEF, UNAF y WHO utilizando los descriptores: circuncisión femenina, objetivos de desarrollo del milenio y mutilación genital femenina. Se incluyeron artículos publicados entre los años de 2010 y 2015, y se seleccionaron finalmente 24 artículos. Resultados La Mutilación Genital Femenina es una práctica basada en discriminaciones de género que refuerza e incentiva el círculo de la pobreza. Provoca complicaciones físicas que pueden repercutir en la mortalidad y morbilidad infantil, así como en complicaciones en el embarazo y el parto y en la adquisición del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Conclusión La lucha contra la Mutilación Genital Femenina contribuye a la consecución de cinco de los ocho Objetivos del Milenio.

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Estimating the obstetric costs of female genital mutilation in six African countries

Cited by 79 publications

References 15 publications

Does Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) Affect Women’s Sexual Functioning? A Systematic Review of the Sexual Consequences of FGM/C

Does Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) Affect Women’s Sexual Functioning? A Systematic Review of the Sexual Consequences of FGM/C

Coping and chronic psychosocial consequences of female genital mutilation in the Netherlands

Impacto de la mutilación genital femenina en los objetivos del milenio

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