Estimating the population size of female sex workers and transgender women  in Sri Lanka

Božičević, Ivana; Manathunge, Ariyaratne; Dominkovic, Zoran; Beneragama, Sriyakanthi; Kriitmaa, Kelsi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227689

Cited by 11 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…roamers. This methodological approach (3-SCRC) differ from those that were employed in Mozambique (sequential sampling, unique object, unique event), Sri Lanka (unique object multiplier and a modified Delphi method), Uganda (Bayesian nonparametric latent-class model), Papua New Guinea (unique object multiplier successive sampling-population size estimation) and Cameroon (Poisson regression model) [10][11][12][13][14]. Field work for the 2020 survey took advantage of lessons learned from previous surveys, reached more sub-district areas, and better documented participation.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent times, a number of studies have been carried out using varied methods to estimate the size of key populations. These include multiplier method, Capturerecapture (CRC) [6][7][8][9][10][11], Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) through successive samplingpopulation size estimation (SS-PSE) using imputed visibility and three-source capture-recapture (3SCRC) [12][13][14] and Census and Enumeration [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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National and subnational size estimation of female sex workers in Ghana 2020: Comparing 3-source capture-recapture with other approaches

Guure

Dery²,

Afagbedzi³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Background Key Population size estimation (PSE) is instrumental for HIV/STI preventive, treatment and care services planning, implementation and delivery. The objective was to estimate the overall population of female sex workers (FSW) in all the 16 regions of Ghana using different PSE methods. Method Mapping of venues and complete enumeration of seaters was conducted at the formative stage prior to the bio-behavioral survey (BBS). Three PSE methods were used to derive the size estimates of FSW in the 16 regions. These include: Capture-recapture (CRC), service multiplier and three-source capture recapture (3SCRC) methods. The final choice of the estimation method used to estimate the roamer population was 3SCRC. This method was chosen because of its perfect record-linkage–hierarchic combination of three names that minimizes overmatching as well as the addition of an interaction term in the model which corrects for the dependencies in CRC. Results The total population size estimate of the female sex workers in the country obtained for roamers using capture re-capture was 41,746 (95% CI: 41,488–41,932). Using the service multiplier, the total population for both the roamers and seaters was 41,153 (95% CI: 37,242–45,984). The 3-source capture re-capture yielded 55,686 roamers FSW (95% CI: 47,686–63,686). The seater population was 4,363 FSW based on census/complete enumeration. The total population size estimate of FSW (seaters and roamers) in Ghana was 60,049 when 3SCRC and census were added. This represents about 0.76% of all estimated adult females aged 15-49yrs in Ghana. Conclusion We report population size estimates (PSE) for FSW in Ghana. These estimates are the results of 3SCRC. These findings provide a valid and reliable source of information that should be referenced by government officials and policymakers to plan, implement and provide HIV/STI preventive, treatment, and care services for FSW in Ghana.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National and subnational size estimation of female sex workers in Ghana 2020: Comparing 3-source capture-recapture with other approaches

Guure

Dery²,

Afagbedzi³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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“…There are call girls, escorts, brothel workers, bar or casino workers and street walker [4]. Prostitution in Sri Lanka is estimated to involve 35,000 women by 2018 and it was estimated a total of 14,132 female sex workers in 2013 [5]. Operating from streets, brothels, massage parlours, lodges or hotels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Less Group Cohesion in Family Relationships of Female Street Prostitutes in Sri Lanka

Subasinghe¹,

Dissanayake²

2021

IJSRP

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This paper discusses about the family background and socialization barriers of female commercial sex workers. There has been an increase in the number of street prostitutes over the past twenty years. The worst consequence is a loss of social respect and protection for women. A survey of 15 semi-structured interviews was conducted with respondents; obtained from the targeted sampling system for non-random sampling. There is a new trend with drug using and prostitution as well as low education level and prostitution. They sell, distribute, possess and use drugs. 33% of street prostitutes is not involved in drug trafficking. 67% of street prostitutes use drugs. 35% of street prostitutes are involved in drug trafficking. All street prostitutes have only gone to school until the grade ten. 13% of them has never been to school in their lives. 66% of street prostitutes are Sinhalese and 34% are Tamils, no any Muslims. The childhood experiences of women in these street prostitutes are largely the same. When they were little, they received very little parental protection. As such, they were subjected to various forms of abuse. The main abuse was sexual abuse. All of these women had their first sexual intercourse between the ages of 12 and 14. The central and dominant social factor influencing women's prostitution was not having strong family ties and family protection. The child had not received the proper care from the group she had lived in when she was a child. Even after marriage, she does not receive proper care and support from her group. Some women ended their first marriage at the age of 18. She has to fulfill the needs of her life in her own strength. Therefore, women can achieve proper social status by developing group social cohesion.

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“…Using mapping and the multiplier methods in 2018, it was estimated that the population size of female sex workers (FSW) is 30,000 (plausibility range 20,000-35,000) [5]. Sex work in Sri Lanka is illegal and highly stigmatised [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV prevalence, sexual risk behaviours and HIV testing among female sex workers in three cities in Sri Lanka: Findings from respondent-driven sampling surveys

et al. 2020

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Sri Lanka has a low-level HIV epidemic. This study aims to provide evidence on HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B (HBV) prevalence, sexual risk behaviours and utilisation of HIV prevention interventions among female sex workers (FSW) in the cities Colombo, Galle, and Kandy. Using respondent-driven sampling (RDS), we recruited a total of 458 FSW in Colombo, 360 in Galle and 362 in Kandy from November 2017 to March 2018. Participants provided biological specimens for testing for infections and completed a behavioural questionnaire. We found no HIV nor HBV infections in Galle and Kandy, and low HIV (0.4%) and HBV surface antigen (0.6%) prevalence in Colombo. FSW in Colombo had higher positivity on Treponema pallidum-particle agglutination test (8.4%) compared to Galle (2.0%) and Kandy (2.5%). About two thirds of FSW heard of HIV in each of the cities. Around 90% of FSW used condom at last sex with a client in both Colombo and Galle, but considerably less in Kandy (57.1%). However, lower proportion of FSW used condoms every time during sex with clients in the past 30 day: 22.9% of FSW in Colombo, 26.6% in Kandy and 68.4% in Galle. Across cities, 17.5%-39.5% of FSW reported being tested for HIV in the past 12 months or knowing HIV positive status. The commonest reasons for never testing for HIV was not knowing where to test (54.2% in Colombo, 41.8% in Galle, 48.1% in Kandy) followed by inconvenient testing location (23.7% in Colombo and 31.1% in Kandy). HIV has not yet been firmly established among FSW in three cities in Sri Lanka, but the vulnerability towards HIV and STIs is substantial. HIV interventions should be intensified by expanding community-based HIV testing approaches, increasingawareness of HIV risks and addressing socio-structural vulnerabilities of FSW to HIV.

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Estimating the population size of female sex workers and transgender women in Sri Lanka

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

National and subnational size estimation of female sex workers in Ghana 2020: Comparing 3-source capture-recapture with other approaches

National and subnational size estimation of female sex workers in Ghana 2020: Comparing 3-source capture-recapture with other approaches

Less Group Cohesion in Family Relationships of Female Street Prostitutes in Sri Lanka

HIV prevalence, sexual risk behaviours and HIV testing among female sex workers in three cities in Sri Lanka: Findings from respondent-driven sampling surveys

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